Table IV.

Association of socioeconomic indicators with standing height among parents from Belarus (2002–2005)

	Difference in mothers standing height (95% confidence interval) (cm), n = 12 352			Difference in fathers standing height (95% confidence interval) (cm), n = 11 235
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Mother’s education
Initial/incomplete/common secondary	0	0	0	0	0	0
Advanced secondary/partial university	0.46	0.42	0.44	1.49	1.37	1.32
	(0.20,0.72)	(0.15,0.68)	(0.17,0.71)	(1.13,1.85)	(1.04,1.70)	(0.99,1.65)
Completed university	0.88	0.84	0.88	3.05	2.90	2.79
	(0.51,1.25)	(0.49,1.19)	(0.53,1.23)	(2.54,3.55)	(2.45,3.36)	(2.33,3.24)
p-value for trend	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
Father’s education
Initial/incomplete/common secondary	0	0	0	0	0	0
Advanced secondary/partial university	0.36	0.32	0.33	1.01	0.87	0.83
	(0.11,0.62)	(0.07,0.57)	(0.08,0.57)	(0.70,1.31)	(0.59,1.15)	(0.56,1.10)
Completed university	0.93	0.89	0.91	2.53	2.40	2.25
	(0.54,1.32)	(0.52,1.26)	(0.54,1.28)	(2.10,2.96)	(1.98,2.82)	(1.85,2.64)
p-value for trend	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
Highest household occupation
Manual worker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-manual worker	0.67	0.65	0.67	1.84	1.79	1.71
	(0.49,0.85)	(0.48,0.81)	(0.50,0.84)	(1.58,2.11)	(1.58,2.00)	(1.50,1.93)
p-value for trend	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

Model 1: Adjusted for own age and study trial arm.

Model 2: as Model 1 and additionally adjusted for: urban or rural residence and East or West of Belarus residence.

Model 3: as Model 2 and additionally adjusted for: own smoking status and alcohol intake.

Robust standard errors were used to compute confidence intervals and p-values to account for clustering by polyclinic.