Table 2.
Selected demographic and background characteristics and media access among participants by university context
| Characteristics | Type of university | Both | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Governmental (%) | Private (%) | |||
| Year of study | ||||
| 1st & 2nd | 45.5 | 49.6 | 48.3 | 0.094 |
| 3rd & 4th | 54.5 | 50.4 | 51.7 | |
| Academic Discipline | ||||
| Medical Sc. | 28.4 | 3.4 | 11.3 | <0.001 |
| Social Sc. | 46.7 | 59.6 | 55.5 | |
| Basic Sc. | 11.7 | 14.1 | 13.3 | |
| Technical & engineering | 9.3 | 9.9 | 9.7 | |
| Arts | 3.8 | 12.9 | 10.1 | |
| Percent in single-sex universities | 32.6 | 5.0 | 13.7 | <0.001 |
| Family residence in Tehran | 72.7 | 93.4 | 86.9 | <0.001 |
| Age groups | ||||
| <20 | 11.3 | 17.6 | 15.6 | <0.001 |
| 20–21 | 52.3 | 37.6 | 42.2 | |
| 22–23 | 26.2 | 28.8 | 28.0 | |
| >23 | 10.2 | 16.0 | 14.1 | |
| Mean age ( years ) | 21.23 | 21.50 | 21.41 | 0.04 |
| Religiosity | ||||
| Religious | 30.5 | 23.8 | 26.0 | 0.029 |
| Somewhat | 53.1 | 57.4 | 56.0 | |
| Not religious | 16.4 | 18.8 | 18.0 | |
| Access to satellite TV programs in the past 28 days | ||||
| No access | 52.8 | 40.7 | 44.6 | <0.001 |
| Access | ||||
| No days | 13.6 | 7.8 | 9.7 | <0.001 |
| 1–10 days | 18.4 | 29.1 | 25.7 | |
| 11–27 days | 6.5 | 7.8 | 7.4 | |
| 28 days (every day) | 8.8 | 14.5 | 12.6 | |
| Access to internet & chat rooms | ||||
| Yes, using chat rooms | 26.7 | 29.0 | 28.3 | 0.103 |
| Yes, not using chat rooms | 61.5 | 55.9 | 57.7 | |
| No | 11.8 | 15.1 | 14.0 | |
| Ever smoked | 8.4 | 10.4 | 9.8 | 0.142 |
| Ever drunk alcohol | 6.1 | 11.5 | 9.8 | 0.001 |
| N | 443 | 958 | 1401 | – |
Note: Because of non-responses, the N for different variables differed and the sample was weighted by discipline