Effects of ethanol extract of Lycopus lucidus Turcz (ELT) on atrial dynamics, and cAMP efflux in perfused beating rabbit atria. (A) Effects of ELT on atrial pulse pressure (a), stroke volume (b), and cAMP efflux (c). (B) Time-matched controls for the same parameters (a–c); (C) concentration-dependent responses in atrial pulse pressure (a), stroke volume (b), and cAMP efflux (c). The values (C[a–c]) are expressed as percent difference over the mean value before the addition of ELT or vehicle. X-axis is the time lapsed. Data are the mean±standard error (SE). Number of experiments: control (C), n=8; ELT 0.1 mg/mL, n=4; ELT 0.3 mg/mL, n=6; ELT 1 mg/mL, n=4. *P<.001 vs. control period; #P<.01 vs. control group (C); +P<.01 vs. ELT (0.1 mg/mL).