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LVS migR, trmE, and cphA mutants have delayed replication in HEp-2 cells compared to that in the LVS parent strain. HEp-2 cells were infected at an MOI of 100:1 for 4 h, followed by gentamicin treatment for 1 h to kill extracellular bacteria. Infected cells were then lysed at either 4, 12, or 16 h with 1% saponin and serially diluted to enumerate intracellular bacteria.
