Levels of acetyl-CoA accumulation in mutant csrABb strains. Borrelial strains (ct, 7D, and 8S) were propagated at 23°C/pH 7.6 (black bars) and 37°C/pH 6.8 (open bars) to densities of approximately 5 × 107 cells/ml and 1 × 108/ml, respectively. Lysates were prepared from a total of 109 spirochetes using perchloric acid, and levels of acetyl-CoA in the extracts were analyzed using a PicoProbe acetyl-CoA assay kit and Student's t test implemented in Prism software. Asterisks indicate levels of significance (***, P < 0.001; *, P < 0.05).