Fig 7.

RRV and AcMNPV infection is enhanced by TIM-1 expression. (A) Replication of RRV in TIM-1- or empty-vector-transfected cells at MOIs ranging from 0.001 to 0.1. Supernatants were collected 48 h following infection, and titers were determined by endpoint dilution on Vero cells. (B) Infection of TIM-1⁺ Vero cells with RRV in the presence or absence of MAb ARD5 (1 μg/ml). Supernatants were collected 48 h after infection and assessed for viral titer by endpoint dilution on Vero cells. (C) Transduction of HEK 293T cells or TIM-1⁺ H3 cells with recombinant baculovirus expressing β-Gal at an MOI of 0.003 as determined from titers on HEK 293T cells. After 48 h of incubation with virus, cells were lysed and β-Gal activity was assessed using the Galacto-Light system. (D) Impact of PtdSer on WT EBOV infection. Vero cells were preincubated for 1 h with the indicated concentrations of PtdSer or PtdChl liposomes or medium alone. Cells were then challenged in the presence of the liposomes with replication-competent EBOV encoding GFP. After 24 h, at which time the GFP from one round of infection can be detected, cells were fixed and the proportion of infected cells in the total cell population was determined (see Materials and Methods). The experiment was repeated 3 times with similar outcomes (50% inhibitory concentration [IC₅₀], 5 ± 1.5 μM), and the means ± SD for 4 replicates are shown from 1 experiment. (E) Infection with mouse organ-derived EBOV GP-rVSV of Vero cells in the absence (black) or presence (gray) of ARD5. Virus obtained from lung, spleen, or kidney homogenates was serially diluted on Vero cells, and after 48 h, infection was assessed by EGFP expression. Data for RRV infections are shown as means ± SD, and AcMNPV and EBOV GP-rVSV data are shown as means ± SEM for at least three replicates. Significance was calculated using two-sample t-test comparison with equal variance (**, P < 0.001; *, P < 0.01).