. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: Osteoporos Int. 2012 Aug 15;24(4):1407–1417. doi: 10.1007/s00198-012-2105-8

Table 4.

p values for comparison of stiffness in dancers versus healthy, relatively inactive controls, after adjusting for whole, cortical, and cancellous bone cross-sectional area using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)

P values ANCOVA (Adjusting for bone area)	Whole bone stiffness	Cortical bone stiffness	Cancellous bone stiffness
Distal femoral diaphysis
Whole area	0.69	–	–
Cortical area	0.02	0.0083	–
Cancellous area	0.64	–	0.53
Distal femoral metaphysis
Whole area	0.17	–	–
Cortical area	0.0071	0.27	–
Cancellous area	0.17	–	0.92
Distal femoral epiphysis
Whole area	0.092	–	–
Cortical area	0.013	0.09	–
Cancellous area	0.072	–	0.054

After adjusting for cortical bone cross-sectional area, the greater whole bone stiffness in dancers compared to controls remained significant; in contrast, after adjusting for cancellous bone cross-sectional area, this difference was no longer significant