Table 3.
Operative variables and complications
| Open surgery group (n = 90, 52%) | Laparoscopic group (n = 82, 48%) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimated blood loss, ml, median (range) | 500 (25–5000) | 70 (5–1500) | <0.001 | |
| Operative time, min, median (range) | 233 (55–568) | 188 (83–405) | 0.431 | |
| pRBCs during hospitalization, units, median (range) | 0 (0–24) | 0 (0–2) | <0.001 | |
| ICU stay, days, median (range) | 0 (0–5) | 0 (0–3) | <0.001 | |
| Overall length of stay, days, median (range) | 8 (3–18) | 4 (1–10) | <0.001 | |
| Cardiac complications, n (%) | 10 (11) | 3 (4) | 0.078 | |
| Pulmonary complications, n (%) | 13 (14) | 4 (5) | 0.042 | |
| Reoperation, n (%) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 1.0 | |
| Pancreatic fistula (overall), n (%) | 13 (14) | 11 (13) | 1.0 | |
| Fistula grade, n (%) | 0.213 | |||
| Grade A | 4 (4) | 6 (7) | ||
| Grade B | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | ||
| Grade C | 8 (9) | 4 (5) | ||
| Post-pancreatectomy haemorrhage (overall), n (%) | 3 (3) | 1 (1) | 0.624 | |
| Haemorrhage grade, n (%) | 0.357 | |||
| Grade A | 2 (2) | 0 | ||
| Grade B | 1 (1) | 0 | ||
| Grade C | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | ||
| Delayed gastric emptying rate, n (%) | 4 (4) | 0 | 0.122 | |
| Wound infection, n (%) | 5 (6) | 2 (2) | 0.447 | |
| Intra-abdominal abscess, n (%) | 5 (6) | 4 (5) | 1.0 | |
| Clavien–Dindo complications (30-day/inpatient), n (%) | 0.987 | |||
| Minor, n (%) | Grade I | 15 (17) | 11 (14) | |
| Moderate, n (%) | Grade II | 20 (22) | 5 (6) | |
| Severe, n (%) | Grades III–V | 18 (20) | 11 (13) | |
| Grade IIIa | 13 (14) | 6 (7) | ||
| Grade IIIb | 2 (2) | 3 (4) | ||
| Grade IVa | 1 (1) | 2 (3) | ||
| Grade IVb | 1 (1) | 0 | ||
| Grade V | 1 (1) | 0 | ||
| Discharged to: | 0.193 | |||
| Home, n (%) | 85 (94) | 80 (98) | ||
| Facility, n (%) | 5 (6) | 2 (2) | ||
pRBC, packed red blood cells; ICU, intensive care unit.