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Cover index of (a) diseased E. hermaphroditum, attacked by the host-specific pathogenic fungus A. empetri, and (b) diseased V. vitis-idaea, attacked by three different host-specific pathogens, in grazed controls and mammalian herbivore-free exclosures in the tundra. Data from 2012. Error bars represent±1 s.e.m.
