Table 1. Selection criteria in prospective active surveillance studies.
| Johns Hopkins University14 | University of Toronto11 | PRIAS15 | UCSF16 | Japanese Multicenter12 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cT stage | T1c | T1c | T1c or T2 | T1 or T2a | T1c |
| PSA (ng ml−1) at diagnosis | Not defined | ≤10–15 (1995–1999) ≤10 (2000–2003) | ≤10 | ≤10 | ≤20 |
| Gleason score | ≤3+3 | ≤3+3 (≤3+4 in men >70 years until 1999) | ≤3+3 | ≤3+3 | ≤3+3 |
| PSA density (ng ml−1 ml−1) | ≤0.15 | Not defined | ≤0.2 | Not defined | Not defined |
| Maximal number of positive cores | 2 | 2 (total core number: any) | 2 (8–12 coresa) | <33% biopsy cores | 2 (6–12 cores) |
| % cancer involvement | <50% cancer in any core | <50% cancer in any core | Not defined | <50% cancer in any core | <50% cancer in any core |
Abbreviations: PRIAS, the Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; UCSF, University of California, San Francisco.
a
Necessary biopsy cores are defined depending on the prostate volume.