Table 2.
Patient characteristics in subgroups with respect to both the presence of peripheral artery disease and the presence of the metabolic syndrome
| PAD+/MetS+ (n = 57) | PAD+/MetS- (n = 157) | PAD-/MetS+ (n = 55) | PAD-/MetS- (n = 142) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) |
64.9 ± 10 |
67.5 ± 10 |
62.7 ± 12 |
60.8 ± 10 |
<0.001 |
| Male gender (%) |
70.2 |
74.5 |
34.5 |
38.0 |
<0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
30.1 ± 5 |
25.9 ± 4 |
27.7 ± 4 |
28.8 ± 6 |
<0.001 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio |
1.0 ± 0.8 |
0.9 ± 0.8 |
1.0 ± 0.6 |
0.9 ± 0.7 |
<0.001 |
| Waist circumference (m) |
108.2 ± 11 |
97.9 ± 12 |
107.9 ± 10 |
95.3 ± 13 |
<0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) |
96.5 |
78.3 |
52.7 |
59.9 |
<0.001 |
| Smoking (%) |
84.2 |
84.7 |
47.3 |
51.4 |
<0.001 |
| Type 2 Diabetes (%) |
68.4 |
30.6 |
40.0 |
16.2 |
<0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) |
180.6 ± 46 |
180.1 ± 41 |
197.6 ± 50 |
202.9 ± 45 |
<0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) |
107.6 ± 41 |
109.6 ± 37 |
133.7 ± 42 |
131.9 ± 39 |
<0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) |
44.5 ± 15 |
54.5 ± 16 |
49.8 ± 15 |
64.5 ± 20 |
<0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) |
218.4 ± 142 |
129.1 ± 79 |
197.5 ± 99 |
115.7 ± 70 |
<0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) |
144.6 ± 68 |
103.4 ± 27 |
133.9 ± 61 |
96.7 ± 22 |
<0.001 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/ml) |
17.1 ± 11 |
13.1 ± 16 |
16.9 ±13 |
9.3 ± 6 |
<0.001 |
| Postchallenge glucose (mg/dl) |
205.1 ± 94 |
132.9 ± 53 |
113.5 ± 53 |
130.3 ± 72 |
<0.001 |
| HbA1c (DCCT) (%) |
7.3 ± 2 |
5.9 ± 0.8 |
6.6 ± 2 |
5.7 ± 0.7 |
<0.001 |
| HbA1c (IFCC) (mmol/mol) |
56 ± 2 |
41 ± 15 |
49 ± 2 |
39 ± 16 |
<0.001 |
| Apolipoprotein A1 (mg/dl) |
147.3 ± 34 |
158.1 ± 35 |
146.5 ± 26 |
164.7 ± 32 |
<0.001 |
| Apolipoprotein B (mg/dl) |
85.5 ± 11 |
77.6 ± 21 |
92.3 ± 26 |
82.8 ± 22 |
<0.001 |
| CRP (mg/dl) |
1.3 ± 3 |
0.9 ± 2 |
0.4 ± 0.5 |
0.3 ± 0.5 |
<0.001 |
| Leukocytes (109/l) |
7.3 ± 2 |
7.4 ± 2 |
6.4 ± 2 |
6.6 ± 2 |
0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
151.1 ± 21 |
140.0 ± 21 |
140.5 ± 14 |
131.1 ± 19 |
<0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 84.3 ± 11 | 78.2 ± 12 | 86.1 ± 8 | 80.3 ± 9 | <0.001 |
BMI denotes body mass index, LDL low density lipoprotein, HDL high density lipoprotein, MetS metabolic syndrome and PAD peripheral artery disease; postchallenge glucose is plasma glucose at 2 h after an oral 75 g glucose load. To convert values for fasting plasma glucose to mmol/l multiply by 0.0555, to convert values for triglycerides to mmol/l multiply by 0.0113 and to convert total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, or HDL cholesterol to mmol/l multiply by 0.0259; p-values are given for the all overall difference between study groups.