Table 3.

Regression coefficients (+ 95% confidence intervals) for the relationship between PM₁₀ concentration and cause- and sex-specific age-adjusted mortality rate

Cause of death	Western Europe		Eastern Europe
	Male	Female	Male	Female
All cause	0.74 (−0.28 to 1.77)	−0.30 (−0.78 to 0.18)	1.33 (−1.86 to 4.53)	1.74 (0.39 to 3.08)*
Circulatory disease	−0.16 (−0.51 to 0.19)	0.06 (−0.08 to 0.20)	2.67 (1.44 to 3.90)***	1.38 (0.80 to 1.96)***
Respiratory disease	0.15 (0.06 to 0.24)**	−0.01 (−0.08 to 0.05)	0.42 (0.17 to 0.67)**	0.19 (0.07 to 0.32)**
Chronic liver disease	0.08 (−0.10 to 0.25)	0.00 (−0.07 to 0.07)	0.68 (−0.04 to 1.40)	0.24 (−0.01 to 0.49)

Models were adjusted for regional-level household income and country-level smoking rate and run separately for Eastern and Western Europe. PM₁₀ concentration = 2004 population-weighted annual average (μg.m^-3). Mortality rates = 3-year average 2004–2006 (deaths per 100,000).

Abbreviations: PM₁₀, Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm.

* 0.01 ≤ p < 0.05; ** 0.001 ≤ p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.