Table 1.
Characteristics of the study sample
| Characteristic | Experimental group (N = 29) | Control group (N = 30) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 59.2 (6.0) | 62.0 (7.1) | 0.10a |
| Non-Hispanic White ethnicity, no. (%)c | 21 (72.4) | 19 (63.3) | 0.57b |
| Racec | 0.30b | ||
| White | 22 (75.9) | 21 (72.4) | |
| Black | 1 (3.4) | 5 (17.2) | |
| Other | 6 (20.7) | 3 (10.4) | |
| Highest education level, no. (%) | 0.004b | ||
| High school graduate | - | 3 (10) | |
| Some college | 11 (37.9) | 8 (26.7) | |
| College graduate | 3 (10.3) | 13 (43.3) | |
| Any post-graduate education | 15 (51.7) | 6 (20.0) | |
| Self-assed health literacy level,d no. (%) | 0.50b | ||
| 1 (highest) | 18 (62.1) | 20 (66.7) | |
| 2 | 9 (31.0) | 7 (23.3) | |
| 3 | 1 (3.4) | 3 (10.0) | |
| 4 | 1 (3.4) | - | |
| 5 (lowest) | - | - |
Notes:
SD = standard deviation
a
Independent samples t-test
b
Chi-square test
c
Control group N = 29 for ethnicity and race, due to missing data
d
Self-assessed with a single item, asking how frequently help is needed with reading instructions, pamphlets, or the written material from their doctor or pharmacy; 1 = never, 2 = rarely, 3 = sometimes, 4 = often, 5 = always.