Table 4. Median CD4 counts in HIV-negative adults and significant determinants of CD4 counts in sub-Saharan Africa.

Country	Reference	Sample size	Both Sexes	Men	Women	Significant determinants
Ethiopia	Tsegaye [11]	51	660
Ethiopia	Kassu [9]	780	6821	6741	749	Sex, study site
Ethiopia	Abuye [8]	1072	6951	684	762	Sex, BMI, smoking, study site, khat consumption
Tansania	Ngowi [21]	102	723	597	765	Sex
Botswana	Bussmann [14]	688	726	698	782	Sex, diurnal variation
Ethiopia	Kassa [10]	734	758	713	806	Sex, HIV status, hospitalisation
South Africa	This study	4993	775	683	833	Sex, HIV status, ART duration, sample processing delay
Zambia	Kelly [7]	172	780			HIV status
Nigeria	Aina [12]	1291	7832	8382	8181, 2	pregnancy, alcohol, late marriage
Tanzania	Urassa [13]	682	7971
Nigeria	Oladepo [20]	2570	812	746	892	Sex, geographic zone
Malawi	Crampin [49]	214	836	765	911	Sex, location, laboratory platform
Uganda	Lugada [26]	4593	8361	7621	8971	Sex
Uganda	Lovvorn [18]	193	838		838	Country
Kenya	Zeh [50]	160	8401	811	866	Sex
Senegal	Mair [17]	561	8711, 2	7121, 2	9051, 2	Sex, smoking, high body temperature, late sexual debut
Malawi	Mandala [16]	1504	901
Zimbabwe	Lovvorn [18]	203	912		912	Country
Tanzania	Levin [51]	147	9802
Cameroon	Zekeng [23]	203	980	951	1048	Sex
Guinea Bissau	Lisse [6]	51	1000
Nigeria	Adoga [25]	1123	1030	935	1121	Sex
Burkina Faso	Klose [15]	186	1082	979	1169	Sex
South Africa	Auvert [27]	930	1128	1057	1180
Uganda	Tugume [22]	183	12562	1154	1425	Sex
South Africa	Lawrie [24]	719	N.A.			Sex

¹frequency weighted average using subgroups.

²mean instead of median.

³participants aged 19+.

⁴participants aged 15+.

Abbreviations: N.A. not available.