Table 5.

Number of deaths, crude and adjusted relative death risks in the Estonian cohort of Chernobyl cleanup workers by cause of death and selected characteristics, 1986–2011.

Cause of death/ Characteristic	No. of deaths	Crude RRa	95% CI	No. of deaths	Adjusted RRb	95% CI	No. of deaths	Adjusted RRc	95% CI
All causes
Year of arrival in the Chernobyl area
1986	575	0.88	0.77–1.00	575	0.87	0.76–0.99	570	0.86	0.76–0.98
1987–1991	419	1		419	1		415	1
Duration of stay in the Chernobyl area (days)
<92	459	1		459	1		456	1
≥92	535	1.20	1.06–1.36	535	1.23	1.09–1.40	529	1.21	1.06–1.37
Time since return from the Chernobyl area (years)
<7	156	1		156	1		153	1
7–13	297	1.21	1.00–1.47	297	1.22	1.00–1.48	294	1.20	0.99–1.46
≥14	541	1.18	0.99–1.41	541	1.20	1.00–1.43	538	1.19	1.00–1.43
Ethnicity
Estonian	485	1					485	1
Non-Estonian	500	1.25	1.10–1.41				500	1.33	1.17–1.51
Education
Higher or secondary	585	1					585	1
Basic or less	400	1.64	1.45–1.87				400	1.73	1.51–1.98
Malignant neoplasms
Year of arrival in the Chernobyl area
1986	101	0.92	0.68–1.24	101	0.96	0.70–1.30	101	0.94	0.69–1.28
1987–1991	74	1		74	1		74	1
Duration of stay in the Chernobyl area (days)
<92	94	1		94	1		94	1
≥92	81	0.94	0.70–1.27	81	0.94	0.70–1.27	81	0.93	0.69–1.25
Time since return from the Chernobyl area (years)
<7	18	1		18	1		18	1
7–13	35	0.97	0.55–1.70	35	0.95	0.54–1.69	35	0.93	0.53–1.65
≥14	122	1.12	0.68–1.83	122	1.11	0.67–1.82	122	1.09	0.67–1.80
Ethnicity
Estonian	85	1					85	1
Non-Estonian	90	1.29	0.96–1.73				90	1.41	1.04–1.90
Education
Higher or secondary	95	1					95	1
Basic or less	80	1.68	1.25–2.26				80	1.79	1.31–2.44
Diseases of the circulatory system
Year of arrival in the Chernobyl area
1986	153	0.83	0.65–1.05	153	0.81	0.63–1.03	153	0.80	0.63–1.03
1987–1991	125	1		125	1		124	1
Duration of stay in the Chernobyl area (days)
<92	130	1		130	1		129	1
≥92	148	1.23	0.97–1.55	148	1.26	0.99–1.60	148	1.26	0.99–1.61
Time since return from the Chernobyl area (years)
<7	34	1		34	1		34	1
7–13	79	1.21	0.81–1.82	79	1.22	0.82–1.83	78	1.18	0.79–1.77
≥14	165	1.05	0.72–1.52	165	1.07	0.74–1.55	165	1.05	0.73–1.53
Ethnicity
Estonian	142	1					142	1
Non-Estonian	135	1.15	0.91–1.46				135	1.22	0.96–1.56
Education
Higher or secondary	155	1					155	1
Basic or less	122	1.63	1.29–2.07				122	1.73	1.35–2.21
External causes
Year of arrival in the Chernobyl area
1986	205	0.88	0.71–1.09	205	0.89	0.71–1.12	200	0.88	0.70–1.11
1987–1991	139	1		139	1		137	1
Duration of stay in the Chernobyl area (days)
<92	152	1		152	1		151	1
≥92	192	1.23	0.99–1.52	192	1.27	1.02–1.58	186	1.22	0.98–1.52
Time since return from the Chernobyl area (years)
<7	94	1		94	1		92	1
7–13	117	1.03	0.78–1.35	117	1.04	0.79–1.36	115	1.02	0.77–1.34
≥14	133	1.12	0.86–1.46	133	1.16	0.89–1.51	130	1.13	0.87–1.48
Ethnicity
Estonian	168	1					168	1
Non-Estonian	169	1.21	0.98–1.50				169	1.28	1.03–1.58
Higher or secondary	213	1					213	1
Basic or less	124	1.69	1.36–2.11				124	1.72	1.36–2.17
Suicide
Year of arrival in the Chernobyl area
1986	60	1.56	0.96–2.52	60	1.51	0.91–2.50	59	1.48	0.89–2.47
1987–1991	23	1		23	1		23	1
Duration of stay in the Chernobyl area (days)
<92	36	1		36		1	36	1
≥92	47	1.27	0.82–1.96	47	1.16	0.75–1.81	46	1.14	0.73–1.79
Time since return from the Chernobyl area (years)
<7	26	1		26	1		26	1
7–13	33	1.08	0.65–1.80	33	1.06	0.63–1.78	32	1.00	0.59–1.67
≥14	24	0.94	0.54–1.63	24	0.91	0.52–1.58	24	0.88	0.50–1.54
Ethnicity
Estonian	47	1					47	1
Non-Estonian	35	0.89	0.57–1.38				35	0.95	0.61–1.49
Education
Higher or secondary	52	1					52	1
Basic or less	30	1.65	1.05–2.59				30	1.77	1.10–2.85
Selected alcohol-related causes
Year of arrival in the Chernobyl area
1986	54	0.90	0.60–1.37	54	0.84	0.54–1.30	53	0.82	0.53–1.28
1987–1991	38	1		38	1		38	1
Duration of stay in the Chernobyl area (days)
<92	36	1		36	1		36	1
≥92	56	1.52	1.00–2.30	56	1.60	1.04–2.46	55	1.52	0.99–2.35
Time since return from the Chernobyl area (years)
<7	11	1		11	1		10	1
7–13	19	1.00	0.48–2.11	19	1.05	0.50–2.22	19	1.14	0.53–2.45
≥14	62	1.45	0.76–2.76	62	1.62	0.85–3.11	62	1.77	0.90–3.48
Ethnicity
Estonian	40	1					40	1
Non-Estonian	51	1.54	1.02–2.33				51	1.63	1.07–2.49
Education
Higher or secondary	57	1					57	1
Basic or less	34	1.68	1.10–2.56				34	1.76	1.13–2.76

^aFor year of arrival, duration of stay, and time since return from the Chernobyl area 167 subjects with unknown values were excluded; for ethnicity and education 556 subjects with unknown values were excluded.

^bModel 1: includes age at start of follow-up, year of arrival, duration of stay, and time since return from the Chernobyl area (167 subjects with unknown values were excluded).

^cModel 2: includes age at start of follow-up, year of arrival, duration of stay, time since return from the Chernobyl area, ethnicity and education (556 subjects with unknown values were excluded).