Table 3. Induction of major virulence genes and genes clusters in B. cenocepacia J2315.

Induced virulence gene(s)a	Loci	Stationary phase (minimal medium and nutrient-rich medium unless indicated)	Low oxygen concentration	Physiological temperature	Heat stress	Low iron concentration	Oxidative stress (organic or inorganic peroxide unless indicated)	Low pH
Motility
Flagella	6 Loci		+
Chemotaxis	BCAL0126–36b		+				+
	BCAM0821–6		+
Protein secretion
T1SS	BCAM2140–42	+	+		+
T3SS	BCAM2020–57				+
T6SS	BCAL0337–63			+
Extracellular proteases
zmpA	BCAS0409	+	+	+	+
zmpB	BCAM2307	+	+
Phospholipases	6 Loci	+
Adhesion
Fimbriae	BCAL1677–80				+
	BCAL1826–28		+		+
	BCAL2634–37	+	+
flp-type pili	BCAL1520–37	+	+	+	+
Type IVa pili	BCAL0276–78		+
Lectin	BCAM0184–86	+	+		+
Cable pili	BCAM2759–62			+
bapA or adhA	BCAM2143	+	+		+
Surface polysaccharides
	BCAM0854–64				+
	BCAM1003–11				+
	BCAS0294–97	+
Quorum sensing
cepI	BCAM1870	+	+	+	+
Siderophores
Ornibactin	BCAL1688–1702	+c				+
Pyochelin	BCAM2224–35					+
Reactive oxygen species detoxification
ahr	BCAM1216–17	+c					+
sodB	BCAL2757							+
katB	BCAL3299					+		+
Catalase	BCAS0635				+	+	+d

^aInduction: at least twofold increased expression, virulence factor consisting of multiple genes was regarded induced when >50% of the loci were upregulated at least twofold.

^bVirulence genes as defined by Holden et al. (2009).

^cInduction only during stationary phase in nutrient-rich medium.

^dInduction only under organic oxidative stress.