Table 2.
Economic evaluation components: input cost metrics
| Input cost metrics | Input cost analysis | Economic analysis | Total metrics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CMA | CCA | CEA | CUA | CBA | |||
| Direct costs—one time | 168 | ||||||
| Hardware and peripherals (general hardware, specific types of hardware, infrastructure) | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 18 |
| Network, peripherals, supplies, and equipment (telecommunications, supplies) | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 23 | ||
| Packaged and customized software (software, software upgrade, software license) | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 13 | |
| Application development and deployment (design and development, implementation, IT support, clinical support) | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 59 | |
| Configuration management (interface, system) | 2 | 1 | 5 | ||||
| Initial data collection and conversion or archival data (extraction, entry, transcription) | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 | ||
| End-user project management | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | |||
| Initial user training | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 10 | ||
| Workforce adjustment for affected employees | 2 | 2 | |||||
| Project planning, contract negotiation, and procurement (vendor, personnel, approvals, feasibility) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | ||
| Transition costs (costs of running parallel systems or conversion of legacy systems) | 0 | ||||||
| Facilities upgrades, including site preparation and renovation (capital, utilities) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | |||
| Office accommodations, furniture, and related items | 0 | ||||||
| Quality assurance and post-implementation reviews | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Other initial costs | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |||
| Overall initial cost | 1 | 2 | 5 | ||||
| Direct costs—ongoing | 91 | ||||||
| Software maintenance, subscriptions, and upgrades (data refresh, software upgrade, software fees, interfaces, other upgrades) | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 18 | ||
| Maintenance (system maintenance, travel, administration) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 7 | ||
| Hardware and equipment (hardware replacement, equipment, and supplies) | 3 | 4 | 9 | ||||
| Salaries for IT and assigned end-user staff (technical, administrative, clinical) | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 23 | ||
| Ongoing training | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | ||
| Facilities rental and utilities | 1 | 2 | |||||
| Professional services | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |||
| Reviews and audits | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Other ongoing (operating, other-not specified, reporting) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 11 | |||
| Overall ongoing (annual, total, per record/encounter) | 2 | 1 | 4 | 11 | |||
| Indirect costs—ongoing | 2 | ||||||
| Security | 0 | ||||||
| Privacy | 0 | ||||||
| IT policy management | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Help desk | 0 | ||||||
| Workload shift | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Total costs | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 16 | ||
Counts represent the number of papers including the metric (note: some papers had multiple metrics mapping to the same category). See online supplementary appendix 9 for this table with all paper references.
CBA, cost-benefit analysis; CCA, cost-consequence analysis; CEA, cost-effectiveness analysis; CMA, cost-minimization analysis; CUA, cost-utility analysis; HIS, health information system; IT, information technology.