Table 5.
Psychosocial and environmental predictors, based on latent class analysis, of anxiety and substance use disorders during the three-year follow-up period of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.a
| Social Phobia (N=582) | Panic (n=619) | GAD (n=751) | Alcohol Dependence (n=953) | Substance Dependence (n=2,904) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Proportion of participants with the outcome disorder in each class during the 3-year follow-up period
|
|||||
| % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | |
| Class 1, “low stress exposure” | 6.5 (0.7) | 5.4 (0.6) | 6.6 (0.7) | 12.0 (0.9) | 40.1 (1.2) |
| Class 2, “personal loss” | 5.8 (0.7) | 6.9 (0.7) | 8.6 (0.8) | 10.4 (0.8) | 37.8 (1.4) |
| Class 3, “financial, interpersonal instability” | 10.4 (0.9) | 12.6 (1.0) | 16.0 (1.1) | 19.4 (1.2) | 43.1 (1.6) |
| Class 4, “economic difficulty” | 10.1 (1.3) | 11.2 (1.4) | 10.3 (1.3) | 10.2 (1.6) | 48.5 (2.4) |
| Class 5, “occupational instability” | 8.5 (1.5) | 5.4 (1.2) | 8.5 (1.6) | 21.2 (2.7) | 46.0 (2.6) |
|
Regression analysis of the outcome disorder during the 3-year follow-up period
|
|||||
| PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | |
| Class 1, “low stress exposure” | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Class 2, “personal loss” | 0.80 (0.60, 1.06) | 1.15 (0.85, 1.57) | 1.15 (0.88, 1.51) | 0.98 (0.80, 1.21) | 0.98 (0.90, 1.06) |
| Class 3, “financial, interpersonal instability” | 0.91 (0.69, 1.20) | 1.34 (0.98, 1.83) | 1.45 (1.09, 1.94) | 1.31 (1.06, 1.61) | 1.11 (1.02, 1.22) |
| Class 4, “economic difficulty” | 1.25 (0.89, 1.76) | 1.55 (1.09, 2.22) | 1.22 (0.91, 1.65) | 0.94 (0.66, 1.33) | 1.19 (1.07, 1.32) |
| Class 5, “occupational instability” | 1.36 (0.92, 2.03) | 1.04 (0.65, 1.67) | 1.41 (0.90, 2.21) | 1.27 (0.94, 1.73) | 1.03 (0.91, 1.16) |
| Model AUC statistic | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.75 | 0.81 |
| AUC statistic from reduced modelb | 0.64 | 0.70 | 0.69 | 0.70 | 0.64 |
Analyses in this table included data from participants in NESARC with any of the disorders listed at Wave 1 (n=7,364). Unadjusted proportions shown in the top panel; results of regression analyses shown in the bottom panel, adjusted for: age at enrollment, sex, educational attainment, race/ethnicity, childhood adversities, and the presence of mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders at Wave 1.
Reduced model omits controls for prior psychiatric history at Wave 1, indicating the predictive value of the model containing only latent classes of past-year stressors, childhood adversities, and demographic factors.