Table 3.
Characteristics of studies investigating Combination BCG therapies
|
First author, yr |
Design, LOE |
No. of |
Age* |
Disease category |
Follow-up, mo |
Strain |
Treatment schedules |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Control | Case/Control | Case/Control* | Case | Control | ||||
|
BCG plus mitomycin C vs. BCG alone (Case vs. Control) | ||||||||
| Kaasinen 2003 [34] |
RCT, 1b |
159/145 |
71.0/69.9 |
CIS |
56.3(1.9-97.3) |
Connaught |
6 weekly BCG plus alternating BCG and MMC monthly |
6 weekly BCG plus monthly BCG |
| Stasi 2006 [33] |
RCT, 1b |
107/105 |
66.0/67.0 |
High-risk NMIBC |
91/84 |
Connaught |
2 weekly BCG and 1 week MMC as one cycle for three cycles** |
6 weekly BCG** |
| Oosterlinck 2011 [30] |
RCT, 1b |
48/48 |
68.0/70.0 |
CIS |
56.4 |
Tice |
6 weekly MMC plus 6 weekly BCG** |
6 weekly BCG plus 3 weekly rest and BCG** |
| Gulpinar 2012 [29] |
RCT, 1b |
25/26 |
58.2/58.0 |
Intermediate-Risk NMIBC |
41.3/40.9 |
Tice |
Perioperative MMC plus 6 weekly BCG |
6 weekly BCG |
| El Mohsen 2010 [32] |
RCT 1b |
29/27 |
47.5/48.1 |
Superficial BCa |
30 |
NA |
Perioperative MMC plus 4 weekly MMC plus monthly BCG for 1 year |
6 weekly BCG plus monthly BCG for 1 year |
| Badalato 2011 [31] |
R, 2b |
48/212 |
69.6/69.6 |
Superficial BCa |
33.0/43.6 |
Connaught |
Perioperative MMC plus 6 weekly BCG** |
6 weekly BCG ** |
|
BCG plus mitomycin C vs. mitomycin C alone (Case vs. Control) | ||||||||
| Rintala 1996 [37] |
RCT, 1b |
95/93 |
68/69 |
Rapidly recurring NMIBC |
34(1–76) |
Pasteur |
Alternating courses of MMC and BCG monthly during year 1 and every 3 months during year 2 |
MMC monthly during year 1 and every 3 months during year 2 |
| Jarvinen 2012 [35] |
RCT, 1b |
28/40 |
66/68 |
CIS |
408 |
Pasteur |
Ditto |
Ditto |
| Witjes 1998 [36] |
RCT, 1b |
90/92 |
NA |
Intermediate-Risk NMIBC |
32(2–65) |
Tice |
4 weekly MMC followed by 6 weekly BCG |
10 weekly MMC |
|
BCG plus Epirubicin vs. BCG alone (Case vs. Control) | ||||||||
| Cai 2008 [38] |
RCT, 1b |
80/81 |
73.9/69.8 |
High-risk NMIBC |
15.3/14.8 |
OncoTice |
Perioperative epirubicin plus delayed BCG |
6 weekly BCG and every 3 months for maintenance |
| Bilen 2000 [40] |
RCT, 1b |
20/21 |
57/53 |
High-risk NMIBC |
18(9–24) |
Connaught |
Sequential instillation of BCG and epirubicin for 8 weeks |
6 weekly BCG |
| Tozawa 2001 [39] |
R, 2b |
24/50 |
67.9/65.6 |
Superficial BCa without CIS |
6-36 |
Tokyo |
Epirubicin and BCG were instilled by turns once a week for 12 weeks |
6 weekly plus six monthly BCG |
|
BCG plus Interferon α-2b vs. BCG alone (Case vs. Control) | ||||||||
| Nepple 2010 [41] |
RCT, 1b |
346/324 |
68.4 |
Superficial BCa |
NA |
Tice |
6 weekly BCG plus IFN** |
6 weekly BCG ** |
| Bazarbashi 2000 [42] | C-S, 4 | 37/18 | 59/58 | Superficial BCa | 26.2/23.8 | Connaught | Weekly sequential BCG and IFN for 8 weeks | 6 weekly BCG |
LOE Level of evidence, RCT Randomized-controlled trial, R Retrospective, C-S Case-series, NMIBC Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, BCa Bladder cancer, CIS Carcinoma in suit, NA Not available.
* Mean or median.
** Patients were rendered bladder cancer-free were given maintenance courses, Maintenance is defined as any instillation beyond the induction course.