Table 2. Association of variables of each of the four components of PIRO with hospital mortality using logistic regression. Characteristics of the patients included in the study according to the four components of the PIRO concept.
| Predisposition | Total, n (%) | Non-survivors, n (%) | Crude OR | p- value | |||
| Age | <0.001 | ||||||
| ≤60 years | 388 (38) | 18 (5) | 1.0 | ||||
| 61–80 years | 387 (37) | 63 (16) | 4.0 | ||||
| >80 years | 260 (25) | 57 (22) | 5.8 | ||||
| Male sex, n (%) | 506 (49) | 79 (16) | 1.5 | 0.036 | |||
| Season | |||||||
| Spring, n (%) | 260 (25) | 25 (10) | 1.0 | ||||
| Summer, n (%) | 248 (24) | 32 (13) | 1.4 | 0.242 | |||
| Autumn, n (%) | 277 (27) | 42 (15) | 1.7 | 0.056 | |||
| Winter, n (%) | 249 (24) | 39 (16) | 1.7 | 0.041 | |||
| Previous antibiotic therapy, n (%) | 367 (36) | 67 (18) | 1.9 | 0.001 | |||
| Hospitalization in the previous year, n (%) | 413 (40) | 65 (16) | 1.4 | 0.064 | |||
| Previous instrumentation, n (%) | 373 (36) | 67 (18) | 1.8 | 0.001 | |||
| Comorbidities, n (%) | 671 (65) | 108 (16) | 2.1 | <0.001 | |||
| Immunosupression, n (%) | 221 (21) | 24 (11) | 0.7 | 0.224 | |||
| Chronic hepatic disease, n (%) | 22 (2) | 8 (36) | 3.9 | 0.003 | |||
| Chronic renal disease, n (%) | 69 (7) | 3 (4) | 0.3 | 0.023 | |||
| Chronic heart failure, n (%) | 74 (7) | 12 (16) | 1.3 | 0.450 | |||
| Chronic respiratory disease, n (%) | 66 (6) | 10 (15) | 1.2 | 0.654 | |||
| Chronic haematologic disease, n (%) | 60 (6) | 17 (28) | 2.8 | 0.001 | |||
| Cancer, n (%) | 45 (4) | 18 (40) | 4.8 | <0.001 | |||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 204 (20) | 15 (7) | 0.5 | 0.006 | |||
| Atherosclerosis, n (%) | 242 (23) | 54 (22) | 2.4 | <0.001 | |||
| Karnovsky index<70, n (%) | 319 (31) | 81 (25) | 3.9 | <0.001 | |||
| Infection | |||||||
| Type of infection | 0.001 | ||||||
| Community-acquired, n (%) | 493 (48) | 47 (10) | 1.0 | ||||
| Healthcare-associated, n (%) | 225 (22) | 32 (14) | 1.6 | ||||
| Hospital-acquired, n (%) | 316 (30) | 59 (19) | 2.2 | ||||
| Focus of infection | 0.140 | ||||||
| Respiratory, n (%) | 419 (40) | 63 (15) | 1.0 | ||||
| Urinary, n (%) | 344 (33) | 35 (10) | 0.6 | ||||
| Intra-abdominal, n (%) | 213 (21) | 29 (14) | 0.9 | ||||
| Other, n (%) | 59 (6) | 11 (19) | 1.3 | ||||
| Primary bacteraemia, n (%) | 57 (6) | 10 (17) | 1.4 | 0.338 | |||
| Secondary bacteraemia, n (%) | 96 (9) | 15 (16) | 1.3 | 0.489 | |||
| Microbiology isolation, n (%) | 703 (68) | 99 (14) | 1.2 | 0.303 | |||
| Positive blood cultures, n (%) | 154 (15) | 25 (16) | 1.3 | 0.252 | |||
| Type of microorganism, n(%) | 0.406 | ||||||
| Gram negative, n (%) | 384 (55) | 48 (12) | 1.0 | ||||
| Gram positive, n (%) | 204 (29) | 34 (17) | 1.4 | ||||
| Fungi, n (%) | 15 (2) | 1 (7) | 0.5 | ||||
| Polymicrobial, n (%) | 100 (14) | 16 (16) | 1.3 | 0.410 | |||
| Response | |||||||
| Temperature | 0.006 | ||||||
| No alteration, n(%) | 461 (45) | 57 (12) | 1.0 | ||||
| Fever, n (%) | 336 (33) | 35 (10) | 0.8 | ||||
| Hypothermia, n (%) | 238 (22) | 46 (19) | 1.7 | ||||
| Tachypneia, n (%) | 457 (44) | 83 (18) | 2.1 | <0.001 | |||
| Tachycardia, n (%) | 620 (60) | 96 (15) | 1.6 | 0.013 | |||
| Reactive C protein>5 mg/dl, n (%) | 923 (89) | 126 (14) | 1.3 | 0.389 | |||
| White blood cells | 0.360 | ||||||
| No alteration, n (%) | 425 (41) | 56 (13) | 1.0 | ||||
| Leucocytosis, n (%) | 560 (54) | 72 (13) | 1.0 | ||||
| Leucopenia, n (%) | 50 (5) | 10 (20) | 1.7 | ||||
| Altered conscious, n (%) | 43 (4) | 14 (33) | 3.4 | <0.001 | |||
| Hyperglycemia, n (%) | 159 (15) | 38 (24) | 2.4 | <0.001 | |||
| Severity of infection | <0.001 | ||||||
| Infection, n (%) | 281 (27) | 20 (7) | 1.0 | ||||
| Sepsis, n (%) | 364 (35) | 30 (8) | 1.2 | ||||
| Severe sepsis, n (%) | 296 (29) | 46 (15) | 2.4 | ||||
| Septic shock, n (%) | 94 (9) | 42 (45) | 10.5 | ||||
| Organ dysfunction | |||||||
| Hypoxemia, n (%) | 267 (26) | 57 (21) | 2.3 | <0.001 | |||
| Hypotension, n (%) | 175 (17) | 63 (36) | 5.9 | <0.001 | |||
| Lactacidemia>1 mmol/L, n (%) | 134 (13) | 44 (33) | 4.2 | <0.001 | |||
| Creatinine>2 mg/dl or diuresis<0,5 ml/Kg/h, n (%) | 136 (13) | 32 (23) | 2.3 | <0.001 | |||
| Bilirubin>4 mg/dl, n (%) | 20 (2) | 5 (25) | 2.2 | 0.131 | |||
| Platelets<100.000, n (%) | 96 (9) | 26 (27) | 2.7 | <0.001 | |||
| Ileus, n (%) | 5 (1) | 3 (60) | 9.9 | 0.012 | |||
| Coagulopathy (INR>1.5 or aPTT>60 s), n (%) | 8 (1) | 4 (3) | 6.7 | 0.008 | |||
| SOFA>0 | 691 (67) | 118 (17) | 3.3 | <0.001 | |||
SOFA - Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment, OR – Odds ratio.