Table 2. Clinical and biochemical characteristics of subjects at baseline.
| Lean (n = 54) | Obese (n = 66) | P-value | |
| Resting HR (beat/min) | 80.71±14.51 | 77.43±8.15 | 0.73 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 113.00±10.81 | 127.50±11.89 | 0.01 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76.43±6.33 | 82.00±10.14 | 0.13 |
| VO2, max (ml/kg/min) | 21.63±3.76 | 17.48±4.83 | 0.03 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.03±0.92 | 5.26±1.02 | 0.31 |
| HDL (mmol/l) | 1.43±0.49 | 1.13±0.24 | <0.0001 |
| LDL (mmol/l) | 3.13±0.85 | 3.43±0.96 | 0.14 |
| TG (mmol/l) | 0.91±0.43 | 1.52±0.91 | 0.0002 |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 5.02±0.64 | 5.45±0.92 | 0.17 |
| HBA1C (%) | 5.47±0.40 | 5.93±1.03 | 0.056 |
| C-peptide (ng/ml) | 2.44±0.71 | 3.68±2.31 | 0.03 |
| Glucagon (ng/ml) | 0.65±0.11 | 0.71±0.15 | 0.048 |
| GLP-1 (ng/ml) | 2.62±0.83 | 2.68±1.54 | 0.68 |
| Insulin (ng/ml) | 2.35±1.12 | 4.51±2.11 | 0.12 |
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 4.82±3.03 | 9.72±6.91 | <0.0001 |
| PAI-1 (ng/ml) | 3.19±1.55 | 4.14±1.53 | 0.013 |
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 23.70±9.30 | 25.70±13.20 | 0.53 |
| IL-1β (pg/ml) | 1.20±0.47 | 1.35±0.85 | 0.83 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 4.99±2.18 | 4.68±1.87 | 0.54 |
| IL-10 (pg/ml) | 1.97±1.39 | 2.33±2.24 | 0.43 |
| IP-10 (ng/ml) | 0.39±0.14 | 0.60±0.32 | 0.003 |
| RANTES (ng/ml) | 1.29±0.60 | 1.78±0.86 | 0.012 |
| ROS (mM) | 1.38±0.37 | 1.58±0.63 | 0.24 |
| TBARS (μM) | 1.29±0.48 | 1.52±0.43 | 0.11 |
Data were adjusted for age and gender and presented as mean ± SD. HR (heart rate), SBP (systolic blood pressure), DBP (diastolic blood pressure), VO2 Max (maximum oxygen consumption), HDL (high density lipoprotein), LDL (low density lipoprotein) and TG (triglycerides).