Table 1. Cortisol in salmon by location (ng/mL), mean (SE).
Severity of Disentanglement Injury | Presence of Fungal Infection | |||||
Females | ||||||
Reproductive Stage | No Injury | Minor Injury | Moderate Injury | Severe Injury | No Fungus | Fungus |
In-River Migration | 14 (3.0), n = 40 | 48 (11.3), n = 21 | 77 (19.6), n = 15 | 73 (18.8), n = 5 | 23 (3.3), n = 64 | 95 (18.7), n = 17 |
Spawning Stream Mouth | 33 (3.2), n = 52 | 26 (2.1), n = 45 | 47 (17.1), n = 10 | 68 (7.2), n = 22 | 29 (3.0), n = 98 | 63 (6.8), n = 30 |
Notes: Cortisol levels in migrating and maturing salmon. All sampled fish (regardless of presence or severity of gillnet disentanglement injuries) were included in estimates for fish with/without fungal infection. Cortisol levels increased in accordance with presence and severity of injury; Nonparametric multiple comparison post-hoc tests confirmed significant differences (P<0.001) between uninjured fish and all categories of injury at in-river migration, and in all pair-wise comparisons at streams except uninjured-minor fish.