Table 2.
Univariate odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) of individual characteristics, lifestyle-related and health factors, and work-related factors in relation with productivity loss at work and sick leave among employees in 6 companies (n = 647)
| Productivity loss at work | Sick leave | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pe | 10–20 %† (n = 130) | 30 % or more† (n = 93) | 1–9 days‡ (n = 305) | 10 or more days‡ (n = 97) | |||||
| % | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | |
| Educational level | |||||||||
| Low | 21 | 1.46* | 1.01–2.11 | 1.49 | 0.98–2.26 | 1.06 | 0.76–1.48 | 1.81* | 1.15–2.85 |
| Intermediate | 35 | 1.22 | 0.89–1.67 | 1.28 | 0.87–1.87 | 1.29 | 0.98–1.70 | 1.85* | 1.21–2.82 |
| High | 45 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Lifestyle-related factors | |||||||||
| <30 min/day moderate PA | 30 | 1.19 | 0.90–1.57 | 1.18 | 0.83–1.67 | 0.86 | 0.68–1.09 | 0.92 | 0.65–1.29 |
| <3x/wk 20 min vigorous PA | 70 | 1.08 | 0.81–1.43 | 1.58* | 1.10–2.26 | 1.20 | 0.95–1.52 | 1.25 | 0.87–1.81 |
| <400 g fruit and vegetable intake | 44 | 0.85 | 0.65–1.12 | 1.00 | 0.73–1.38 | 0.95 | 0.75–1.19 | 1.12 | 0.81–1.56 |
| Current smoker | 15 | 1.16 | 0.81–1.67 | 0.95 | 0.62–1.47 | 1.35 | 0.97–1.87 | 1.43 | 0.93–2.19 |
| Excessive alcohol | 3 | 0.65 | 0.28–1.53 | 1.01 | 0.39–2.66 | 1.05 | 0.49–2.22 | 1.51 | 0.64–3.60 |
| Overweight | 35 | 1.18 | 0.87–1.62 | 1.18 | 0.83–1.68 | 1.02 | 0.79–1.34 | 1.52* | 1.01–2.30 |
| Obese | 9 | 1.12 | 0.68–1.83 | 0.79 | 0.40–1.53 | 0.76 | 0.48–1.22 | 2.29* | 1.27–4.12 |
| Health | |||||||||
| Poor/moderate general health | 6 | 1.91* | 1.10–3.32 | 3.24* | 1.94–5.41 | 1.87* | 1.11–3.16 | 6.26* | 3.47–11.29 |
| Work-related factors | |||||||||
| Physically demanding job | 15 | 1.22 | 0.84–1.77 | 1.13 | 0.72–1.77 | 1.08 | 0.77–1.53 | 1.47 | 0.93–2.32 |
| Lifting heavy loads | 9 | 1.15 | 0.73–1.81 | 0.69 | 0.34–1.38 | 1.13 | 0.72–1.76 | 0.84 | 0.42–1.68 |
| Awkward postures | 13 | 0.98 | 0.65–1.81 | 1.24 | 0.83–2.26 | 1.62* | 1.09–2.39 | 2.21* | 1.32–3.68 |
| High work demands | 31 | 1.17 | 0.87–1.57 | 1.11 | 0.77–1.60 | 1.23 | 0.94–1.61 | 1.26 | 0.85–1.87 |
| Low job control | 32 | 1.10 | 0.82–1.47 | 1.62* | 1.16–2.28 | 1.51* | 1.16–1.96 | 1.97* | 1.36–2.86 |
| Low skill discretion | 27 | 1.30 | 0.96–1.78 | 1.33 | 0.93–1.89 | 1.52* | 1.15–2.02 | 1.93* | 1.30–2.88 |
| Poor relation with colleagues | 28 | 1.40* | 1.04–1.89 | 1.61* | 1.14–2.26 | 1.16 | 0.89–1.53 | 1.70* | 1.17–2.47 |
| Poor relation with supervisor | 28 | 1.71* | 1.27–2.31 | 2.16* | 1.53–3.05 | 1.28 | 0.98–1.68 | 1.78* | 1.22–2.60 |
Pe prevalence in study population
†Reference category: no productivity loss
‡Reference category: no sick leave
* p < 0.05, adjusted for sex, age, and ethnicity