Table 1.
Key clinical characteristics compared between fatal and non-fatal outcomes among individuals with serum cryptococcal antigen titers ≥ 1:2 at Family AIDS Care and Education Services in Nyanza Province Kenya between 2005 and 2009.
| Variable | N | Overall n=71* | Fatal Cases n=27 | Non-Fatal Cases n=42 | p† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age [median (IQR)] | 69 | 38 (34, 45) | 36 (34, 41) | 41 (35, 47) | .03 |
| Male Gender [% (n)] | 71 | 54% (36) | 52% (14) | 52% (22) | 1.00 |
| CD4 cell count (cells/μl) [median (IQR)]‡ | 68 | 41 (13, 91) | 31 (23, 72) | 48 (11, 95) | .58 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) [median (IQR)] | 66 | 17.7 (16.3, 20.3) | 16.8 (14.0, 18.5) | 18.8 (16.9, 22.3) | .003 |
| On HAART at time of sCrAg [% (n)]** | 56 | 36% (20) | 36% (5) | 37% (15) | 1.00 |
| Duration of HAART (days) [median (IQR)]§ | 22 | 40 (29, 75) | 29.5 (21, 49) | 44.5 (33.5, 133) | .12 |
| Anti-fungal therapy [% (n)] | 71 | ||||
| Fluconazole only | 82% (58) | 78% (21) | 83% (35) | .71 | |
| Amphotericin +/- fluconazole | 6% (4) | 7% (2) | 5% (2) | ||
| Missing or Unknown | 13% (9) | 15% (4) | 12% (5) | ||
| Symptoms [% (n)] | |||||
| Fever ≥38°C | 61 | 18% (11) | 18% (4) | 16% (6) | 1.00 |
| Headache | 68 | 88% (60) | 77% (20) | 95% (38) | .05 |
| Stiff neck | 68 | 26% (18) | 31% (8) | 25% (10) | .78 |
| Photophobia | 68 | 18% (12) | 15% (4) | 18% (7) | 1.00 |
| Altered Mental Status | 68 | 12% (8) | 19% (5) | 8% (3) | .25 |
| Seizures | 68 | 10% (7) | 11% (3) | 10% (4) | 1.00 |
| Focal Neurological Deficit | 68 | 9% (6) | 4% (1) | 13% (5) | .39 |
Abbreviations: HAART: Highly active anti-retroviral therapy
Values for overall sample include two individuals with unknown vital status
Wilcoxon rank-sum test used to compare continuous variables; Fisher's exact for proportions; binomial exact 95% confidence intervals were used for proportions.
CD4 count performed closest to date of serum cryptococcal antigen test
On HAART at least 2 weeks on date of sCrAg
Only calculated for individuals on HAART at the time sCrAg test was performed; duration of HAART measured from HAART initiation to date of sCrAg test: fatal cases (n=6) non fatal cases (n=16)