Table 1. Participant Characteristics by Case–Control Status^*.

Variable	Case-Patients (n = 242)	Controls (n = 546)	P Value
Age, %			>0.2
18–30 y	47.1	42.7
31–49 y	52.9	57.3
Mean age ± SE, y	32.1 ± 9.7	33.2 ± 9.9	0.18
Race or ethnicity, %			>0.2
White	79.3	78.4
Asian	8.3	7.3
Black	4.6	4.4
Other	7.9	9.9
Unmarried, %	58.1	50.6	0.19
High school education or less, %	30.3	22.2	0.01
Household income < $40 000, %	44.3	36.7	0.05
Self-reported fair or poor health, %	15.7	7.3	<0.001
History of pregnancy, %	66.9	59.7	0.05
Previous UTIs, %			<0.001
0	31.0	50.7
1–4	43.5	37.2
≥5	25.5	12.1

^*UTI — urinary tract infection.