Table 4. Factors Associated with Pyelonephritis: Multivariable Models*.
Factor | Model 1 (All Participants)† Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Model 2 (Participants Age 18-30 y)‡ Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Model 3 (Participants Age > 30 y)§ Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Model 4 (Participants with No UTI History)‖ Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sexual intercourse in the previous 30 d | ||||
None | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
<3 times/wk | 2.9 (1.5–5.5) | 3.6 (1.4–9.2) | 3.2 (1.2–8.6) | 2.5 (0.9–6.9) |
≥3 times/wk | 5.6 (2.8-11.0)¶ | 6.0 (2.3–15.7)** | 6.4 (2.2-18.4)¶ | 10.9 (3.9-30.4)¶ |
New sexual partner in the previous 12 mo | ||||
No | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
Yes | 2.2 (1.4–3.6)** | 1.7 (0.9–3.2) | 3.5 (1.6–7.5)** | 2.2 (1.0–4.8) |
Spermicide exposure in the previous 12 mo | ||||
No | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
Yes | 1.7 (1.1-2.8)†† | 1.8 (0.9–3.3) | 1.5 (0.7–3.2) | 1.8 (0.9–4.0) |
UTI in the previous 12 mo | ||||
No | Referent | Referent | Referent | Not in model |
Yes | 4.4 (2.8-7.1)¶ | 2.4 (1.2–4.7)†† | 7.7 (3.9-15.5)¶ | |
Mother with UTI history | ||||
No | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
Yes | 1.6 (1.1-2.5)†† | 2.0 (1.1-3.9)†† | 1.7 (1.0–2.9) | 3.2 (1.5–6.8)** |
Diabetes | ||||
No | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
Yes | 4.1 (1.6–10.9)** | 2.3 (0.4–15.4) | 5.2 (1.6–17.5)** | 1.4 (0.04–4.0) |
Difficulty holding urine in the previous 30 d | ||||
No | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
Yes | 3.9 (2.6-5.9)¶ | 7.2 (3.4-15.0)¶ | 3.0 (1.8-5.1)¶ | 3.7 (1.7-8.1)¶ |
Models are based on women with complete data for all variables. Model 1 is missing 13%; model 2 is missing 13.5%; model 3 is missing 11.8%; and model 4 is missing 12.1%. UTI = urinary tract infection.
Model 1: 205 case-patients and 484 controls; adjusted for age (18–30 y and 31–49 y).
Model 2: 92 case-patients and 208 controls.
Model 3: 113 case-patients and 276 controls. Model 4: 60 case-patients and 245 controls; adjusted for age (18–30 y and 31–49 y).
Model 4: 60 case-patients and 245 controls; adjusted for age (18–30 y and 31–49 y).
P < 0.001.
P < 0.01.
P < 0.05.