Fig. 2. Effects of estrogen on cAMP synthesis by granulosa cells co-cultured with or without oocytes.
FSH (30 ng/ml) (A) or forskolin (1 or 10 μM) (B) was added to the culture medium either alone or in combination with 5 × 10−8 M of DES or estradiol. After 48-h culture with indicated treatments, the conditioned medium was collected and stored at −80°C until assay. The extracellular contents of cAMP were determined by EIA after acetylation of each sample. Results in all panels are shown as means ± SEM of data from at least three separate experiments, each performed with triplicate samples. For each result within a panel, values with different superscript letters are significantly different at P < 0.05.