Table 1.

Case series of keyhole supraorbital subfrontal approaches through an eyebrow incision.

Publication	Year	Patients	Tumors	Aneurysms	Other	Supraorbital hypesthesia	Frontalis palsy	Hyposmia	Wound infection	CSF leak	Hematoma	Perioperative mortality	Diabetes insipidus	Other
Jho [10]	1997	11	11	0	0	11	0	NR	0	0	NR	0	2	Vision worsened (n = 2)
Paladino et al. [14]	1998	37	0	40	0	4 (all recovered)	NR	NR	1	NR	NR	0	NR	Aneurysm rupture (n = 1)
Van Lindert et al. [21]	1998	139	0	197	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	NR	NR	Aneurysm rupture (n = 4)
Sánchez-Vázquez et al. [19]	1999	41	34	6	1	41 (all recovered)	41 (all recovered)	21 (2 permanent)	0	0	0	0	NR
Czirják and Szeifert [6]	2001	155	52	102	1	2	1	2	2	NR	NR	5	NR	Aneurysm rupture (n = 2), PE (n = 1)
Dare et al. [7]	2001	10	0	10	0	10 (all recovered)	10 (all recovered)	NR	1	0	0	0	0	Wound edema
Ko et al. [11]	2001	7	3	4	0	4	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	Periorbital edema (n = 7)
Shanno et al. [15]	2001	72	61	0	11	NR	NR	NR	5	5	1	0	NR	Tension pneumocephalus, asp pna, infarct, ICA injury, and corneal abrasion. Lateral rectus palsy (all n = 1)
Steiger et al. [16]	2001	33	0	33	0	NR	2	NR	1	NR	NR	0	NR	Diplopia (n = 1) resolved
Czirják et al. [29]	2002	36	0	74	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	NR	2 intraoperative ruptures
Fernandes et al. [35]	2002	16	10	2	4	NR	NR	1	1	1	0	0	NR
Ramos-Zúñiga et al. [17]	2002	20	0	20	0	NR	20 (all recovered)	NR	NR	NR	1	0	NR	Blindness (n = 1), infarct (n = 1)
Wiedemayer et al. [23]	2004	9	7	0	2	1	1	NR	0	0	0	0	NR
Zhang et al. [39]	2004	54	52	0	2	NR	NR	NR	NR	1	NR	0	NR
Jallo et al. [9]	2005	28	24	0	4	NR	NR	NR	1	0	0	0	NR	Decreased vision (n = 1)
Melamed et al. [12]	2005	25	15	0	10	NR	NR	NR	1	1	0	0	1	Blindness (n = 1)
Mitchell et al. [13]	2005	47	0	47	0	1	NR	NR	0	NR	4	1	NR	Aneurysm rupture (n = 2), infarct (n = 2)
Reisch and Perneczky [2]	2005	450	199	229	22	34	25	27	6	12	4	1	NR
Lupret et al. [25]	2006	30	0	30	0	10	NR	NR	1	NR	NR	2	NR	Aneurysm rupture (n = 4), mucocele (n = 2)
Zheng et al. [22]	2007	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	NR	0	0	11
Brydon et al. [28]	2008	50	0	50	0	NR	NR	NR	1	1	1	3	NR	New neurological deficit (n = 12)
Fatemi et al. [8]	2009	13	13	0	0	0	2 (both recovered)	NR	0	0	0	0	0	Vision worse (n = 1)
Romani et al. [34]	2009	66	66	0	0	0	0	6	4	6	1	0	NR	4 cotton granulomas
Chen and Tzaan [1]	2010	21	5	13	3	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	2	NR	Hydrocephalus (n = 2), infarct (n = 1)
Telera et al. [20]	2012	20	20	0	0	NR	NR	6	0	1	1	1	1	4 with worse vision
Abdel Aziz et al. [26]	2011	40	8	31	1	NR	NR	NR	2	1	1	0	NR	Transpalpebral approach, 1 ischemic infarct
Fischer et al. [27]	2011	793	0	989	0	0	0	0	9	9	14	NR independent of other approaches	NR	26 reoperations for inadequate clipping (19 clipping, 7 coiling), 61 intraoperative ruptures
McLaughlin et al. [31]	2011	11	11	0	0	NR	NR	NR	0	1	0	0	0	1 carotid artery injury, 1 bilateral caudate infarcts
Park et al. [40]	2011	13	0	13	0	NR	0	NR	0	0	0	0	NR	All unruptured PCoA aneurysms with CN III palsy, all resolved
Romani, et al. [32]	2011	73	73	0	0	NR	NR	1	1	3	2	3	2	New postop. neurological deficits (n = 19)
Chalouhi et al. [41]	2013	47	0	47	0	NR	NR	NR	1	0	1	0	NR	5 intraoperative ruptures, 4 ischemic infarcts
Romani et al. [33]	2012	52	52	0	0	NR	NR	0	0	3	0	0	4	New postop. neurological deficits (n = 16)
Ivan and Lawton [42]	2013	2	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	Both cavernous malformations
Kang et al. [43]	2013	4	0	4	0	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Ditzel Filho et al. [44]	2013	10	9	0	1	NR	NR	NR	0	0	0	2	NR	Deaths: 1 pulmonary embolus, 1 systemic disease
Park et al. [45]	2013	52	0	52	0	NR	26 (all recovered)	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Totals		2522	760	1993	64	63	57	43	38	45	31	21	21
Percent of reported (number)		100%	30.5%	79.0%	2.6%	2.8% (53/1881)	3.0% (57/1878)	2.3% (43/1878)	1.6% (38/2364)	2.2% (45/2081)	1.5% (31/2118)	1.4% (21/1527)	8.3% (21/252)