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. 2013 Jul 19;10:238. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-10-238

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Expression of cytokine genes in early term placental tissue from viable and nonviable offspring from control and infected queens. Real time qPCR was used to quantify the expression of relevant cytokines in placental tissue. Cytokine gene expression was determined for samples from control queens producing viable offspring (control viable; n = 16), infected queens producing viable offspring (infected viable; n = 9), infected queens producing nonviable offspring (infected nonviable; n = 6), all infected samples combined (all infected; n = 15), and all samples from nonviable pregnancies combined (all nonviable; n = 8). Adjusted mean Ct, represented by vertical bars, is the normalized mean Ct value subtracted from a negative endpoint (60-mean Ct). Bars are bracketed by the standard error of the mean. The data were analyzed using single factor ANOVA and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The mean Ct value for each separate group was compared to the mean Ct value for the control viable group. P values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. (A) IL-1β; (B) IL-2; (C) IL-6; (D) IL-10; (E) IL-17a; (F) TGF-β.