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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 May 21.
Published in final edited form as: J Sleep Res. 2013 Jun;22(3):264–271. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12009

Figure 4. Prolonged wakefulness increases cortical bistability.

Figure 4

(A) Individual typical “large” (left) and “small” (right) LFP evoked responses in the frontal cortex after contralateral electrical stimulation. Top: Local field potentials, bottom: the corresponding neuronal activity (rasters below the LFP traces, each bar is a spike). Note that the period of inhibition is longer for the larger LFP wave. (B) The relationship between neuronal firing rates between 11–100 ms after the electrical pulse and the amplitude of the LFP. All trials for each rat are subdivided in ten 10% percentiles as a function of firing rates and the corresponding LFP amplitudes are computed for each percentile. Mean values + SEM, n=9 rats. (C) Left: Mean values of the duration of evoked OFF period (in ms). Values are mean + SEM (n=9 rats). Right: Mean values of the synchrony (1/variability) between individual neurons during the transition into an evoked OFF period. Mean ratio ± SEM, n=9 rats. (D) Bistability index computed as a percentage difference in firing rates between the initial response (first 10 ms) after the stimulus and following 50 ms for three different neuronal subtypes (A–C as on Fig. 2). Values above the bars denote significant effects of prolonged waking, and differences in the effects of waking between different neuronal subtypes.