Multitrait-multimethod confirmatory factor analysis model of Preoccupied Attachment (PA), Difficulties with Emotion Regulation (DER), Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), and Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD). Completely standardized robust maximum likelihood parameter estimates. Wald χ2 values represent tests of significant differences between parameter estimates. Residual variance components (error variances) indicate the amount of unexplained variance. Thus, for each observed variable, R2 = (1 – error variance). CR = Clinician-rated; SR = Self-report; SO = Significant other-rated. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.