Figure 4. Effects of KMUP-1 on RANKL-induced production of inflammatory cytokines.

(A) TNF- α, (B) IL-1 β, (C) IL-6, and (D) IL-10 were determined 24 hr after co-incubation with RANKL (10 ng/ml) and KMUP-1 (0–10 µM). Each value represents the mean ± S.E.M. of three independent experiments, with triplicate determinations in each experiment. ^## p<0.01 compared with control; *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with that treated with RANKL alone.