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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 26.
Published in final edited form as: Pain Med. 2011 Sep 7;12(10):1502–1509. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01226.x

Table 1.

Demographic Characteristics and Patterns of Opioid Use.

Opioid Patterns of Use No opioids Short-term Long-term

0 days (n=277) <90 days (n=284) ≥90 days (n=201) Test (df) p-value
Age 34.3 (9.0) 34.0 (9.0) 33.1 (8.1) F (2, 759) = 1.065 0.345
Male Gender 226 (81.6%) 234 (82.4%) 186 (92.5%) χ2 (2) = 12.811 0.002
Marital Status χ2 (6) = 6.950 0.325
 Single/Never Married 68 (24.5%) 133 (46.8%) 114 (56.7%)
 Married 141 (50.9%) 78 (27.5%) 37 (18.4%)
 Separated/Divorced/Widowed 62 (22.4%) 67 (23.6%) 44 (21.9%)
 Unknown 6 (2.2%) 6 (2.1%) 6 (3.0%)
Race χ2 (6) = 9.679 0.139
 Caucasian 169 (61.0%) 198 (69.7%) 137 (68.2%)
 Black 27 (9.7%) 19 (6.7%) 21 (10.4%)
 Other 13 (4.7%) 14 (4.9%) 4 (2.0%)
 Unknown or Declined to answer 68 (24.5%) 53 (18.7%) 39 (19.4%)
VA Service-Connected Disability 262 (94.6%) 268 (94.4%) 195 (97.0%) χ2 (2) = 2.082 0.353
Active Duty (years) 4.5 (5.2) 4.7 (5.0) 4.7 (4.5) F (2, 759) = 0.138 0.871
Military Component χ2 (4) = 6.066 0.194
 Active 148 (53.4%) 161 (56.7%) 118 (58.7%)
 Reserve 31 (11.2%) 23 (8.1%) 10 (5.0%)
 Guard 98 (35.4%) 100 (35.2%) 73 (36.3%)
Branch of Service χ2 (6) = 6.018 0.421
 Army 205 (74.0%) 209 (73.6%) 155 (77.1%)
 Air Force 32 (11.6%) 22 (7.7%) 17 (8.5%)
 Marines 15 (5.4%) 25 (8.8%) 15 (7.5%)
 Navy 25 (9.0%) 28 (9.9%) 14 (7.0%)