Table 1.
Characteristics for men and women in groups with and without fetal anomaly, shortly after detection of fetal anomaly or normal ultrasound scan
| |
Fetal anomaly (n = 155) |
No fetal anomaly (n = 100) |
With and without fetal anomaly (n = 255) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Men versus men |
Women versus women |
| |
Men |
Women |
P-value |
Men |
Women |
P-value |
P-value* |
P-value* |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||||
|
Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 19–30 years |
55 (35.5) |
74 (47.7) |
P < 0.001 |
24 (24.0) |
46 (46.0) |
P < 0.001 |
P = 0.121 |
P = 0.372 |
| 31–35 years |
53 (34.2) |
60 (38.7) |
|
44 (44.0) |
34 (34.0) |
|
|
|
| 36–67 years |
46 (29.7) |
21 (13.5) |
|
32 (32.0) |
20 (20.0) |
|
|
|
| Missing data |
1 (0.6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Men and women < junior college |
46 (29.7) |
P < 0.001 |
10 (10.0) |
P < 0.001 |
P < 0.001 |
P = 0.003 |
||
| Men < junior college, women ≥ junior college |
35 (22.6) |
|
8 (8.0) |
|
|
|
||
| Men ≥ junior college, women < junior college |
9 (5.8) |
|
8 (8.0) |
|
|
|
||
| Men and women ≥ junior college |
62 (40.0) |
|
72 (72.0) |
|
|
|
||
| Missing data |
3 (1.9) |
|
2 (2.0) |
|
|
|
||
|
Previous children |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Men and women no previous children |
63 (40.6) |
P < 0.001 |
55 (55.0) |
P < 0.001 |
P = 0.213 |
P = 0.067 |
||
| Men previous children, women no previous children |
9 (5.8) |
|
3 (3.0) |
|
|
|
||
| Men no previous children, women previous children |
10 (6.5) |
|
1 (1.0) |
|
|
|
||
| Men and women previous children |
71 (45.8) |
|
40 (40.0) |
|
|
|
||
| Missing data |
2 (1.3) |
|
1 (1.0) |
|
|
|
||
|
Married or cohabiting |
150 (96.8) |
n. a. |
100 (100.0) |
n. a. |
P = 0.259 |
P = 0.259 |
||
| Not cohabiting |
5 (3.2) |
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Gestational age at assessment |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
| <18 weeks |
34 (21.9) |
|
15 (15.0) |
|
P < 0.001 |
|||
| 18–22 weeks |
81 (52.3) |
n. a. |
84 (84.0) |
n. a. |
|
|||
| >22 weeks |
40 (25.8) |
|
1 (1.0) *** |
|
|
|||
|
Time interval from suspicion of fetal anomaly (normal scan in comp. group) to assessment |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
| 0–2 days |
75 (48.4) |
n. a. |
15 (15.0) |
n. a. |
P < 0.001 |
|||
| 3–6 days |
52 (33.5) |
|
53 (53.0) |
|
|
|||
| ≥7 days |
28 (18.1) |
|
32 (32.0) |
|
|
|||
|
Classification of severity** |
|
|
||||||
| 1 |
41 (26.5) |
|
||||||
| 2 |
39 (25.2) |
n. a. |
||||||
| 3 |
20 (12.9) |
|
||||||
| 4 |
22 (14.2) |
|
||||||
| 5 | 33 (21.3) | |||||||
* P-values are also presented for the differences for each sex between the two groups (Chi-Square – tests).
** Classification of severity of anomaly.
1: Lethal or serious with no available treatment, with or without prognostic ambiguity (e.g., acrania, skeletal dysplasia with small thorax, holoprosencephaly).
2: Serious with available treatment but all with prognostic ambiguity (e.g. myelomeningocele with hydrocephalus, hypoplastic left heart syndrome). 3: Mild to moderate severity with available treatment, often with good result, but all with prognostic ambiguity (e.g. bilateral clubfoot or cleft lip with no other markers, but condition known to be associated with syndromes not apparent prenatally). 4: Mild to moderate severity with available treatment, often with good result, without prognostic ambiguity (e.g. gastroschisis, unilateral clubfoot). 5: Severity not classified; awaiting clarification, all with prognostic or diagnostic ambiguity. Prognosis highly dependent on the results of an invasive test (e.g. omphalocele, bilateral clubfoot with chromosomal soft markers), or a reliable diagnosis was not available at inclusion due to an incomplete ultrasound examination (e.g. maternal obesity).
*** In the group without fetal anomaly this case has been moved to the 18–22 weeks group due to statistical purposes. This case was included in the study at week 22 + 1 day of gestation.