Table 3.

Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of risk factors associated with CTX-M-type ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae carriage in nursing home A

Characteristics	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Required care level
Level 5	3.2	0.009	–
	(1.29–7.914)
Level 1–4	1
Ability to turn over in bed
Incapable	3.50	0.002	2.81	0.019
	(1.56–7.86)		(1.18–6.70)
Capable	1		1
Use of diapers
Yes	2.61	0.021	–
	(1.14–5.99)
No	1
Diabetes
Yes	2.78	0.025	3.22	0.031
	(1.11–6.99)		(1.11–9.32)
No	1		1
Past and present urinary tract infection
Yes	4.13	0.002	–
	(1.61–10.56)
No	1
History of hospitalization within the last year
Yes	3.16	0.006	–
	(1.37–7.30)
No	1
Invasive procedures within the last 2 years
Yes	4.73	<0.001	4.54	0.001
	(2.06–10.85)		(1.87–11.01)
No	1		1

Notes: Required care level is assessed by the authorized professional people according to the Long-Term Care system of Japan.¹⁵ Five levels of care are distinguished: care level 1 is defined as requiring partial care, whereas care level 5 is defined as impossible to live without care.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase; OR, odds ratio.