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Ablation of Fgfr1 in NCCs affects cell signaling in the embryos. A and B, total RNAs were extracted from E10.5 embryos (A) or E14.5 frontal facial areas defined in panels a and b (B) for real time RT-PCR analyses of the indicated gene expression. Data are means ± S.D. of three independent analyses. C, immunostaining of coronal sections of E14.5 embryos with anti-phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 showing increased BMP signaling in Fgfr1cKO palate shelves.
