Table 2.
Descriptive and inferential statistics for pain assessment across demographic cues
| M | SD | F | Partial η2 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main effects | |||||||||||||
| Nationality | |||||||||||||
| American | 39.84 | 20.53 | 143.42* | 0.44 | |||||||||
| Jordanian | 67.67 | 24.21 | |||||||||||
| Sex | |||||||||||||
| Male | 52.77 | 22.01 | 5.30* | 0.03 | |||||||||
| Female | 54.74 | 20.54 | |||||||||||
| Race | |||||||||||||
| Light-skinned | 53.42 | 23.93 | 0.47 | 0.00 | |||||||||
| Dark-skinned | 54.09 | 21.67 | |||||||||||
| Age | |||||||||||||
| Younger | 46.89 | 26.42 | 123.35* | 0.41 | |||||||||
| Older | 60.62 | 19.19 | |||||||||||
| Interactions | |||||||||||||
| Nationality × Sex | |||||||||||||
| American × Male | 38.59 | 14.76 | 0.39 | 0.00 | |||||||||
| American × Female | 41.10 | 15.18 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Male | 66.95 | 18.59 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Female | 68.38 | 15.97 | |||||||||||
| Nationality × Race | |||||||||||||
| American × Light-skinned | 39.12 | 21.98 | 0.59 | 0.00 | |||||||||
| American × Dark-skinned | 40.56 | 14.85 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Light-skinned | 67.71 | 17.49 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Dark-skinned | 67.62 | 18.72 | |||||||||||
| Nationality × Age | |||||||||||||
| American × Younger | 26.23 | 16.06 | 119.54* | 0.40 | |||||||||
| American × Older | 53.46 | 17.54 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Younger | 67.56 | 17.40 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Older | 67.77 | 18.24 | |||||||||||
| Sex × Race | |||||||||||||
| Male × Light-skinned | 50.74 | 24.13 | 11.34* | 0.06 | |||||||||
| Male × Dark-skinned | 54.80 | 23.90 | |||||||||||
| Female × Light-skinned | 56.09 | 22.67 | |||||||||||
| Female × Dark-skinned | 53.39 | 22.46 | |||||||||||
| Sex × Age | |||||||||||||
| Male × Younger | 46.46 | 27.43 | 1.42 | 0.01 | |||||||||
| Male × Older | 59.08 | 22.12 | |||||||||||
| Female × Younger | 47.32 | 27.66 | |||||||||||
| Female × Older | 62.16 | 20.08 | |||||||||||
| Race × Age | |||||||||||||
| Light-skinned × Younger | 45.51 | 26.15 | 6.10* | 0.03 | |||||||||
| Light-skinned × Older | 61.32 | 21.03 | |||||||||||
| Dark-skinned × Younger | 48.28 | 29.29 | |||||||||||
| Dark-skinned × Older | 59.91 | 21.57 | |||||||||||
| Nationality × Sex × Race | |||||||||||||
| American × Male × Light-skinned | 36.15 | 16.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||
| American × Male × Dark-skinned | 41.03 | 16.42 | |||||||||||
| American × Female × Light-skinned | 42.10 | 17.50 | |||||||||||
| American × Female × Dark-skinned | 40.10 | 16.39 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Male × Light-skinned | 65.33 | 21.34 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Female × Light-skinned | 68.57 | 22.08 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Female × Light-skinned | 70.09 | 18.61 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Female × Dark-skinned | 66.68 | 19.58 | |||||||||||
| Nationality × Sex × Age | |||||||||||||
| American × Male × Younger | 26.34 | 17.39 | 3.04 | 0.02 | |||||||||
| American × Male × Older | 50.84 | 20.03 | |||||||||||
| American × Female × Younger | 26.11 | 17.88 | |||||||||||
| American × Female × Older | 56.08 | 17.99 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Male × Younger | 66.58 | 20.01 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Male × Older | 67.31 | 21.14 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Female × Younger | 68.53 | 18.36 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Female × Older | 68.23 | 20.14 | |||||||||||
| Nationality × Race × Age | |||||||||||||
| American × Light-skinned × Younger | 26.87 | 16.96 | 32.53* | 0.16 | |||||||||
| American × Light-skinned × Older | 51.37 | 19.29 | |||||||||||
| American × Dark-skinned × Younger | 25.58 | 16.93 | |||||||||||
| American × Dark-skinned × Older | 55.55 | 18.20 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Light-skinned × Younger | 64.15 | 19.81 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Light-skinned × Older | 71.27 | 18.28 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Dark-skinned × Younger | 70.97 | 20.16 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Dark-skinned × Older | 64.28 | 23.17 | |||||||||||
| Sex × Race × Age | |||||||||||||
| Male × Light-skinned × Younger | 43.55 | 29.31 | 0.14 | 0.00 | |||||||||
| Male × Light-skinned × Older | 57.92 | 25.78 | |||||||||||
| Male × Dark-skinned × Younger | 49.37 | 30.98 | |||||||||||
| Male × Dark-skinned × Older | 60.23 | 24.70 | |||||||||||
| Female × Light-skinned × Younger | 47.47 | 28.91 | |||||||||||
| Female × Light-skinned × Older | 64.72 | 23.04 | |||||||||||
| Female × Dark-skinned × Younger | 47.18 | 31.28 | |||||||||||
| Female × Dark-skinned × Older | 59.60 | 25.25 | |||||||||||
| Nationality × Sex × Race × Age | |||||||||||||
| American × Male × Light-skinned × Younger | 24.72 | 18.84 | 2.69 | 0.02 | |||||||||
| American × Male × Light-skinned × Older | 47.57 | 23.30 | |||||||||||
| American × Male × Dark-skinned × Younger | 27.96 | 19.73 | |||||||||||
| American × Male × Dark-skinned × Older | 54.11 | 21.74 | |||||||||||
| American × Female × Light-skinned × Younger | 29.03 | 21.01 | |||||||||||
| American × Female × Light-skinned × Older | 55.17 | 20.26 | |||||||||||
| American × Female × Dark-skinned × Younger | 23.20 | 18.31 | |||||||||||
| American × Female × Dark-skinned × Older | 56.99 | 21.06 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Male × Light-skinned × Younger | 62.38 | 25.12 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Male × Light-skinned × Older | 68.27 | 24.04 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Male × Dark-skinned × Younger | 70.79 | 24.56 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Male × Dark-skinned × Older | 66.35 | 25.65 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Female × Light-skinned × Younger | 65.91 | 23.68 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Female × Light-skinned × Older | 74.26 | 21.82 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Female × Dark-skinned × Younger | 71.16 | 21.88 | |||||||||||
| Jordanian × Female × Dark-skinned × Older | 62.20 | 27.80 | |||||||||||
Notes:
*
P < 0.05. Degrees of freedom were 1, 176 for all main effects and interactions.
Abbreviations: M, mean; SD, standard deviation.