Table 2.
The school environment
| Outcome variable1 |
Baseline |
Follow up |
P-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
(2006/2007) |
(2010/2011) |
||
| % (n) | % (n)1 | ||
|
Soft drink vending machine present at school |
91 (170) |
89 (167) |
0.59 |
|
Soft drink vending machines contain: |
|
|
0.02 |
| More unhealthy than healthy drinks |
53 (83) |
45 (71) |
|
| Unhealthy and healthy drinks equally. |
38 (60) |
33 (52) |
|
| Less unhealthy than healthy drinks |
9 (14) |
22 (34) |
|
|
Vending machine present at school that contains sweets /candy bars |
81 (151) |
79 (146) |
0.63 |
|
Sweets/candy bars vending machines contain: |
|
|
0.04 |
| Mainly unhealthy foods |
64 (80) |
55 (69) |
|
| A good balance between unhealthy and healthy foods |
37 (46) |
41 (52) |
|
| Mainly healthy foods |
0 (0) |
4 (5) |
|
|
Water cooler present at schools |
12 (22) |
33 (60) |
<0.0001 |
|
Vending machines present at school that contains fresh foods |
11 (19) |
11 (19) |
0.91 |
|
Canteen present at school |
87 (161) |
91 (170) |
0.03 |
|
Proportion of healthy and unhealthy foods present in the canteen: |
|
|
0.004 |
| Mainly less healthy foods |
14 (21) |
9 (14) |
|
| More less healthy than healthy foods |
34 (51) |
27 (40) |
|
| Equal distribution of healthy and less healthy foods |
31 (46) |
28 (42) |
|
| More healthy than less healthy foods |
14 (21) |
28 (42) |
|
| Mainly healthy foods |
8 (12) |
9 (13) |
|
|
Availability of specific healthy foods and/or drinks4 |
|
|
|
| Drinking water offered in canteen and/or vending machine |
60 (109) |
71 (129) |
0.03 |
| Fresh fruits offered in canteens |
26 (48) |
34 (63) |
0.03 |
| Sandwiches offered in canteens |
56 (104) |
67 (124) |
0.003 |
| Salad offered in canteens |
6 (10) |
13 (21) |
0.06 |
|
Availability of specific less healthy foods and/or drinks4 |
|
|
|
| Sugar sweetened soft drinks offered in canteen and/or vending machine |
95 (174) |
85 (156) |
0.003 |
| Milk and yoghurt drinks with added sugar offered in vending machines |
16 (29) |
28 (51) |
0.003 |
| Pizza slices offered in canteens |
17 (31) |
30(55) |
0.0006 |
|
There is a supermarket, gas station or fast food restaurant in the neighborhoods of the school. |
73 (127) |
85 (148) |
0.003 |
|
There are facilities at and around the school property where the student can be physically active. |
67 (120) |
77 (138) |
0.04 |
|
Indicated percentage of students who walk to school or travel by bike (median [Q1;Q3])3 |
80 [70;90] |
80 [70;90] |
0.31 |
| There is sufficient space for students to park their bikes at bike parks | 85 (159) | 95 (173) | 0.01 |
1% yes (n) or otherwise indicated.
2 P for change. Changes in dichotomous outcome variables are tested using conditional logistic regression. Changes in ordinal outcome variables are analyzed by linear regression analysis. All models are adjusted for (changes in) school level and school size. P-values below 0.05 are considered to be statistically significant.
3 Q1:first quartile, Q3: third quartile.
4 It was also queried whether other ‘less healthy foods’ like: sport drinks, fruit juices with added sugar, candy bars, sweets, cakes, fried snacks, Russian salad, ice creams crisps and other ‘healthy foods’ like: (fresh) fruit juices without added sugar, artificially sweetened soft drinks, rice cakes, soup, salad,yoghurt were offered in canteens or vending machines but no statistically significant change was observed.