Table 3.
Kinematic gait variables
| SESH n = 13 | Controls n = 13 | Difference (95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hip adduction angle1 |
4.5 ± 2.8 |
4.0 ± 2.8 |
−0.1 (−2.6, 1.6) |
0.600 |
| Hip abduction angle2 |
−2.7 ± 3.0 |
−3.0 ± 2.3 |
−0.2 (−2.5, 2.0) |
0.821 |
| Hip flexion angle 1 |
30.0 ± 5.8 |
31.8 ± 4.5 |
1.7 (−3.6, 7.0) |
0.490 |
| Hip extension angle3 |
−13.5 ± 6.8 |
−13.1 ± 6.9 |
0.4 (−5.1, 5.8) |
0.892 |
| Hip intern rotation angle4 |
9.4 ± 6.7 |
8.4 ± 8.2 |
−0.9 (−7.9, 6.1) |
0.777 |
| Hip extern rotation angle5 |
0.5 ± 6.9 |
0.2 ± 5.7 |
−0.3 (−7.1, 6.6) |
0.937 |
| Hip extern rotation angle6 |
1.7 ± 8.4 |
3.1 ± 6.4 |
1.4 (−5.9, 8.8) |
0.684 |
| Knee flexion angle7 |
14.8 ± 4.6 |
14.0 ± 4.8 |
−0.8 (−5.6, 3.9) |
0.708 |
| Knee rotation (ROM)8 |
12.0 ± 4.1 |
12.7 ± 4.1 |
0.7 (−3.5, 4.8) |
0.731 |
| Static knee valgus9 |
3.0 ± 2.6 |
3.7 ± 1.5 |
0.7 (−1.0, 2.4) |
0.410 |
| Dynamic knee valgus (ROM)8 |
6.4 ± 3.7 |
5.8 ± 3.2 |
−0.6 (−3.7, 2.5) |
0.667 |
| Dynamic knee valgus2 |
2.9 ± 3.0 |
3.6 ± 1.7 |
0.7 (−0.8, 2.3) |
0.447 |
| Plantar flexion angle1 |
12.8 ± 1.7 |
12.5 ± 2.8 |
−0.3 (−2.0, 1.4) |
0.695 |
| Dorsal flexion angle5 |
−5.8 ± 1.8 |
−6.2 ± 2.5 |
−0.4 (−2.1, 1.2) |
0.568 |
| Dorsal flexion angle6 |
−14.9 ± 5.8 |
−17.4 ± 3.9 |
−2.6 (−6.1, 1.0) |
0.138 |
| Foot progression external rotation5 |
−11.1 ± 9.3 |
−11.5 ± 4.4 |
−0.4 (−6.1, 5.3) |
0.884 |
| Pelvis lateral tilt1 |
5.6 ± 1.6 |
5.7 ± 2.4 |
0.2 (−1.4, 1.8) |
0.834 |
| Pelvis medial tilt1 |
−5.7 ± 2.2 |
−5.1 ± 2.0 |
0.7 (−1.0, 2.3) |
0.414 |
| Pelvis anterior tilt1 |
10.5 ± 4.5 |
11.7 ± 4.7 |
1.2 (2.9, 5.3) |
0.529 |
| Pelvis posterior tilt1 |
(+)7.7 ± 4.4 |
(+)9.5 ± 4.8 |
1.8 (−2.1, 5.8) |
0.336 |
| Pelvis internal rotation1 |
5.9 ± 2.5 |
4.9 ± 2.0 |
−1.1 (−3.1, 1.0) |
0.280 |
| Pelvis external rotation1 | −4.1 ± 3.1 | −2.9 ± 2.9 | 1.1 (−1.2, 3.4) | 0.316 |
Kinematic data are presented in degrees as mean ± one standard deviation (SD). The difference between the patients with external snapping hip (SESH) and healthy subjects (controls) are reported as 95% CI (95% confidence interval).
1: Maximum during stance; 2: Touch down (0% stance); 3: Minimum during stance; 4: Maximum in 50% stance; 5: Minimum during 0-10% stance; 6: Minimum during 50-100% stance; 7: Maximum in 50% stance; 8: ROM (Range Of Motion) = Difference between maximum and minimum during stance; 9: Maximum in a static standing position (+) Positive: no posterior tilt occurs from the neutral position.