Table 2. Results of the general linear mixed model for analysis of the Pinus pinaster seedlings necrosis length.

Effects	Without accounting for seed mass covariation			Accounting for seed mass covariation
	DF/VarComp	F-ratio/χ2	P value	DF/VarComp	F-ratio/χ2	P value
Fixed factors
Inoculation [I]	1, 1175	493.5	<0.001	1, 1175	501.2	<0.001
Maternal environment [E]	1, 9	3.5	0.095	1, 9	0.4	0.561
I×E	1, 1175	7.0	0.008	1, 1175	7.0	0.010
Block (E)a	10, 30	0.8	0.627	10, 30	0.7	0.694
Trays (I)b	1, 1175	32.0	<0.001	10, 1174	32.1	<0.001
Seed mass				1, 1174	2.21	0.137
Random factors
Maternal genotype [G]	0.002±0.012	0.0	0.500	0	0.5	0.500
G×E	0.001±0.008	0.9	0.171	0.001±0.007	1.1	0.240
Ramet [R]	0	0.0	0.500	0	0.0	0.500
I×G	0.02±0.015	17.1	<0.001	0.019±0.011	17.1	<0.001
I×G×E	0.007±0.01	0.7	0.201	0.008±0.011	1.1	0.147
Cone (R)a	0	0.0	0.500	0	0.0	0.500
Residual	0.453±0.018			0.452±0.018

Seedlings were derived from 10 maternal genotypes clonally replicated in two contrasting maternal environments, one favourable and one unfavourable for pine growth and reproduction, four weeks after inoculation with the Fusarium circinatum pathogen or mock inoculation with distilled sterile water. Analyses excluding and including individual seed mass as a covariate are shown. Interaction terms I×E and I×G account for maternal effects and genetic variation, respectively, in seedling resistance to the pathogen, whereas the I×G×E interaction accounts for genetic variation in transgenerational responses. Degrees of freedom (DF) and F-ratios of fixed factors, and variance components (VarComp) and associated χ² of random factors are shown. Significance (P value) is indicated in bold (P<0.05).

^aBlock was nested within maternal environment and cone was nested within ramet.

^bTray was nested within inoculation treatment.