Table 5.

Association Between Depression Syndrome and Poor Health Behaviors Stratified by Diabetes Status

	Normoglycemic OR [95% CI]	Clinically identified prediabetes/diabetes OR [95% CI]	Undiagnosed prediabetes/diabetes OR [95% CI]
Age	1.00 [0.97–1.03]	0.97 [0.93–1.00]	0.96 [0.93–0.98]*
Gender (ref. men)	3.47 [0.91–13.21]	2.09 [0.93–4.71]	1.58 [0.66–3.78]
Race/ethnicity (ref. White)
Black	0.75 [0.28–2.02]	0.58 [0.22–1.51]	1.28 [0.39–4.14]
Hispanic	0.51 [0.18–1.41]	0.59 [0.21–1.70]	0.44 [0.15–1.32]
Low education	1.20 [0.44–3.23]	2.37 [0.78–7.19]	1.24 [0.48–3.19]
High PIR	0.48 [0.14–1.61]	0.26 [0.10–0.69]*	0.31 [0.14–0.67]*
Count of poor health behaviors (ref. none)
One	2.61 [0.82–8.31]	2.96 [0.97–9.00]	0.43 [0.12–1.52]
Two	2.21 [0.45–10.95]	4.78 [1.00–22.93]	0.84 [0.25–2.91]
Three or Four	1.08 [0.15–7.72]	6.31 [1.16–34.40]*	0.98 [0.28–3.47]
Diabetes management behaviors
Using oral medications	—	0.75 [0.24–2.33]	—
Using insulin	—	1.08 [0.27–4.38]	—
n	1294	545	1344
−2 Log-likelihood	14350207	8035457	13264913
AIC	14350227	8035481	13264933

Note. Estimates are adjusted for all covariates in the model.

^*p< .05.