Table 3.
Frequency of Neonatal Outcomes by Mode of Operative Delivery for Singleton Live Births to Nulliparous Women, New York City, 1995–2003
| Forceps (n=15,458) | Vacuum (n=18,024) | Forceps-Assisted Vaginal Delivery Compared With Vacuum-Assisted Vaginal Delivery (P) | Cesarean Delivery (n=87,059) | Forceps-Assisted Vaginal Delivery Compared With Cesarean Delivery (P) | Vacuum-Assisted Vaginal Delivery Compared With Cesarean Delivery (P) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cephalohematoma or scalp laceration | 12 (0.08) | 48 (0.27) | <.01 | 62 (0.07) | .78 | <.01 |
| Skeletal fracture | 118 (0.76) | 151 (0.84) | .45 | 127 (0.15) | <.01 | <.01 |
| Facial nerve palsy | 87 (0.56) | 9 (0.05) | <.01 | 19 (0.02) | <.01 | .04 |
| Brachial plexus injury | 87 (0.56) | 78 (0.43) | .09 | 11 (0.01) | <.01 | <.01 |
| Intraventricular hemorrhage | 8 (0.05) | 12 (.07) | .58 | 72 (0.08) | .20 | .49 |
| Subdural hemorrhage | 22 (0.14) | 35 (0.19) | .25 | 75 (0.09) | .04 | <.01 |
| Seizures | 19 (0.12) | 52 (0.29) | <.01 | 280 (0.32) | <.01 | .47 |
| 5-min Apgar score less than 7 | 66 (0.43) | 137 (0.76) | <.01 | 857 (0.98) | <.01 | .01 |
| Neurologic complication* | 40 (0.26) | 82 (0.45) | <.01 | 381 (0.44) | <.01 | .75 |
Data are n (%) unless otherwise specified.
*
Includes seizure, intraventricular hemorrhage, and subdural hemorrhage.