Table 1.
Characteristics of Discharged Neonatal Patients in the 2006 Kids' Inpatient Database by Insurance Status
| Characteristic | All, Weighted N | All, Weighted% (95% CI) | Uninsured, Weighted% (95% CI) | Insured, Weighted% (95% CI) | Uninsured vs Insured, p-Value1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Died during hospitalization | 17,892 | 0.41 (0.39, 0.44) | 0.73 (0.64, 0.83) | 0.40 (0.37, 0.42) | <.0001 |
| Male | 2,207,182 | 51.40 (51.26, 51.65) | 50.82 (50.20, 51.44) | 51.43 (51.29, 51.58) | .0564 |
| Diagnoses (codes) | |||||
| Preterm, low birth weight, IUGR (CCS 219) | 487,039 | 11.28 (10.09, 11.64) | 9.53 (8.90, 10.20) | 11.38 (11.02, 11.75) | <.0001 |
| Congenital malformation (CCS 213-217) | 329,176 | 7.62 (7.38, 7.87) | 7.00 (6.27, 7.82) | 7.66 (7.42, 7.90) | .0831 |
| Life-threatening congenital anomalies2 | 62,095 | 1.44 (1.36, 1.52) | 1.07 (0.95, 1.20) | 1.46 (1.38, 1.55) | <.0001 |
| Maternal, placental, umbilical cord, delivery complication with effect on fetus or newborn (ICD-9-CM 760xx–763xx) | 161,312 | 3.74 (3.49, 4.00) | 4.56 (4.13, 5.05) | 3.69 (3.44, 3.95) | <.0001 |
| Multiple birth cohort | 134,642 | 3.12 (3.03, 3.21) | 1.98 (1.79, 2.18) | 3.18 (3.09, 3.28) | <.0001 |
| RDS (CCS 221) | 113,354 | 2.60 (2.49, 2.72) | 1.70 (1.50, 1.93) | 2.65 (2.54, 2.77) | <.0001 |
| Sepsis (ICD-9-CM 77181) | 107,641 | 2.49 (2.33, 2.67) | 1.89 (1.67, 2.15) | 2.53 (2.36, 2.70) | <.0001 |
| Hypoxia (CCS 220) | 21,939 | 0.51 (0.48, 0.54) | 0.49 (0.42, 0.58) | 0.51 (0.48, 0.54) | .604 |
| IVH (ICD-9-CM 77210-77214) | 11,011 | 0.25 (0.24, 0.28) | 0.13 (0.11, 0.16) | 0.26 (0.24, 0.28) | <.0001 |
| NEC (ICD-9-CM 7775x) | 7,504 | 0.17 (0.16, 0.19) | 0.09 (0.06, 0.12) | 0.18 (0.17, 0.19) | <.0001 |
| Location of patient's county of residence | <.0001 | ||||
| Central counties of metro areas ≥1 million population | 1,486,222 | 34.50 (32.25, 36.83) | 33.25 (28.36, 38.54) | 34.57 (32.33, 36.89) | |
| Fringe counties of metro areas ≥1 million population | 1,017,279 | 23.62 (21.80, 25.54) | 24.04 (20.58, 27.89) | 23.59 (21.78, 25.52) | |
| Counties in metro areas of 250,000–999,999 population | 805,306 | 18.70 (16.82, 20.73) | 16.37 (13.64, 19.53) | 18.83 (16.93, 20.88) | |
| Counties in metro areas of 50,000–249,999 population | 352,020 | 8.17 (7.23, 9.22) | 8.78 (6.83, 11.23) | 8.14 (7.20, 9.18) | |
| Micropolitan counties3 | 412,462 | 9.58 (9.01, 10.18) | 9.88 (8.42, 11.58) | 9.56 (8.99, 10.16) | |
| Non-core counties4 | 234,003 | 5.43 (5.07, 5.82) | 7.67 (6.66, 8.82) | 5.31 (4.95, 5.69) | |
| Median household income national quartile for patient's ZIP code | <.0001 | ||||
| Lowest | 1,143,178 | 27.04 (25.76, 28.35) | 31.70 (29.00, 34.54) | 26.77 (25.5, 28.08) | |
| Next lowest | 1,038,058 | 24.55 (23.73, 25.38) | 28.04 (26.28, 29.88) | 24.35 (23.54, 25.19) | |
| Next highest | 1,049,068 | 24.81 (24.06, 25.58) | 22.88 (21.61, 24.21) | 24.92 (24.16, 25.70) | |
| Highest | 998,174 | 23.61 (22.28, 24.98) | 17.37 (15.00, 20.03) | 23.96 (22.62, 25.35) | |
| Uninsured | 231,806 | 5.37 (4.92, 5.86) | 100 | 0 | |
| Hospital region5 | <.0001 | ||||
| Northeast | 711,669 | 16.48 (15.23, 17.82) | 13.37 (11.17, 15.93) | 16.66 (15.36, 18.09) | |
| Midwest | 925,106 | 21.42 (20.28, 22.61) | 23.70 (19.87, 28.02) | 21.29 (20.13, 22.50) | |
| South | 1,633,509 | 37.83 (36.08, 39.61) | 47.18 (42.46, 51.95) | 37.30 (35.55, 39.08) | |
| West | 1,047,933 | 24.27 (22.40, 25.69) | 15.75 (13.41, 18.41) | 24.75 (23.35, 26.21) | |
| Location/teaching status of hospital | .0065 | ||||
| Rural | 490,187 | 11.45 (10.82, 12.11) | 14.20 (12.20, 16.47) | 11.30 (10.66, 11.96) | |
| Urban non-teaching | 1,759,853 | 41.12 (39.44, 42.81) | 43.67 (39.16, 48.29) | 40.97 (39.29, 42.62) | |
| Urban teaching | 2,030,236 | 47.43 (45.68, 47.19) | 42.13 (37.30, 47.12) | 47.73 (45.97, 49.50) | |
| NACHRI hospital type | .088 | ||||
| Not a children's hospital | 3,453,808 | 79.98 (77.33, 82.40) | 81.52 (77.03, 85.31) | 79.89 (77.23, 82.32) | |
| Children's general or specialty hospital | 60,715 | 1.41 (1.05, 1.88) | 0.80 (0.36,1.75) | 1.44 (1.08, 1.92) | |
| Children's unit in a general hospital | 803,693 | 18.61 (16.22, 21.27) | 17.68 (13.94, 22.16) | 18.66 (16.26, 21.33) | |
| Hospital bed size | .294 | ||||
| Small | 501,410 | 11.71 (11.62, 11.81) | 10.34 (8.73, 12.22) | 11.79 (10.65, 13.04) | |
| Medium | 1,160,241 | 27.11 (26.98, 27.23) | 26.97 (23.35, 30.92) | 27.11 (25.69, 28.59) | |
| Large | 2,618,626 | 61.18 (61.04, 61.32) | 62.69 (58.44, 66.76) | 61.09 (59.41, 62.75) | |
| Admitted as transferred patient | 76,730 | 1.78 (1.57, 2.01) | 1.38 (0.94, 2.02) | 1.80 (1.59, 2.04) | .088 |
χ2 test.
As defined in Table A-3 of Phibbs et al. 2007.
Urban areas around a core city or town with a population of 10,000 to 49,999.
Rural area with no urban cluster of at least 10,000 people.
States included in each region are as follows: Northeast—; Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont; Midwest— Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin; South— Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia; West— Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.
CCS, Clinical Classifications Software; CI, confidence interval; ICD-9-CM, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification; IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; NACHRI, National Association of Children's Hospitals and Related Institutions; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; RDS, respiratory distress syndrome.