Table 5.
Association between Current Survey Deficiencies or Staffing Levels and Current and Past Complaints in North Carolina, 2002–2006
| Current or Past LTC Ombudsman Complaints | Dependent Variable: Current Survey Deficiencies | Dependent Variable: Current Staffing Levels | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Deficiencies | Health Deficiencies | Life Deficiencies | RN per Resident | LPN/LVN per Resident | Aides per Resident | |
| All: Survey quarter | 0.87 | 1.87 | 0.56 | −3.15** | −1.05 | −1.24 |
| All: Prior to survey quarter | 0.21 | −0.05 | 0.40 | −0.82 | −1.37 | 1.15 |
| Substantiated: Survey quarter | 0.91 | 1.85 | 0.65 | −3.09** | −0.95 | −1.23 |
| Substantiated: Prior to survey quarter | 0.30 | −0.32 | 0.46 | −0.79 | −1.38 | −1.17 |
| Nutrition: Survey quarter | −0.98 | 0.19 | −2.16* | 0.09 | 0.06 | −0.06 |
| Nutrition: Prior to survey quarter | 1.63 | 0.98 | 1.49 | −0.58 | −1.43 | −1.23 |
| Pharmacy: Survey quarter | −0.67 | −0.44 | −1.00 | 0.37 | 0.11 | −0.44 |
| Pharmacy: Prior to survey quarter | 0.07 | 0.34 | −0.48 | −0.96 | −1.36 | −1.57 |
| Quality of care: Survey quarter | 0.91 | 2.02* | 0.44 | −2.94** | −0.66 | −0.90 |
| Quality of care: Prior to survey quarter | −0.29 | −0.17 | −0.80 | −0.66 | −1.45 | −1.38 |
| Residents' rights: Survey quarter | 0.95 | 1.46 | 1.24 | −2.88** | −0.74 | −1.15 |
| Residents' rights: Prior to survey quarter | 0.83 | 0.36 | 1.54 | −1.01 | −1.23 | −1.12 |
| Administration: Survey quarter | 0.85 | 1.09 | 0.81 | −2.70** | −1.73 | −1.74 |
| Administration: Prior to survey quarter | −0.49 | −1.73 | 0.42 | −0.68 | −0.76 | 0.16 |
| Environment: Survey quarter | 1.27 | 1.57 | 0.91 | −1.61 | 0.90 | 1.00 |
| Environment: Prior to survey quarter | −0.06 | −1.43 | 0.51 | −1.16 | −1.35 | −1.56 |
| Physician: Survey quarter | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.57 | −2.35* | −2.43* | −2.16* |
| Physician: Prior to survey quarter | 1.27 | 0.71 | 1.17 | 1.04 | −1.23 | −0.82 |
| Financial: Survey quarter | 0.54 | 1.14 | −0.22 | −1.98* | −1.17 | −1.20 |
| Financial: Prior to survey quarter | 0.44 | −0.55 | 0.35 | −0.83 | −1.68 | −1.16 |
| Current or past DHSR complaints | ||||||
| All: Survey quarter | 4.88** | 5.14** | 1.16 | −1.49 | −1.65 | −1.29 |
| All: Prior to survey quarter | 2.13* | 2.33* | 0.91 | −2.34* | −1.39 | −1.69 |
| Current or Past DHSR Complaints | Dependent Variable: Current Survey Deficiencies | Dependent Variable: Current Staffing Levels | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Deficiencies | Health Deficiencies | Life Deficiencies | RN per Resident | LPN/LVN per Resident | Aides per Resident | |
| Substantiated: Survey quarter | 5.17** | 5.34** | 0.31 | −2.31* | −1.77 | −1.39 |
| Substantiated: Prior to survey quarter | 2.13* | 2.62** | 1.78 | −1.75 | −1.94 | −1.19 |
| Nutrition: Survey quarter | 2.48* | 2.27* | −0.43 | −1.16 | −1.30 | −0.86 |
| Nutrition: Prior to survey quarter | 2.33* | 1.23 | 0.72 | −0.72 | 0.53 | 0.35 |
| Pharmacy: Survey quarter | 3.98** | 3.39** | −0.59 | −1.23 | −0.07 | −0.14 |
| Pharmacy: Prior to survey quarter | 1.96* | 3.09** | 1.78 | −2.28* | −1.31 | −0.61 |
| Quality of care: Survey quarter | 6.23** | 6.51** | 0.39 | −2.15* | −1.90 | −1.61 |
| Quality of care: Prior to survey quarter | 1.87 | 3.53** | 2.60 | −2.42* | −1.65 | −1.73 |
| Residents' rights: Survey quarter | 3.80** | 3.62** | 0.39 | −1.98* | −1.55 | −1.70 |
| Residents' rights: Prior to survey quarter | 2.30* | 2.29* | 1.20 | −0.06 | 0.65 | 0.24 |
| Administration: Survey quarter | 3.07** | 4.20** | −0.66 | −1.65 | −0.57 | 0.02 |
| Administration: Prior to survey quarter | 2.01* | 2.59** | 1.28 | −1.46 | −1.72 | −1.22 |
| Environment: Survey quarter | 3.15** | 3.37** | −1.43 | −1.66 | −1.66 | −1.37 |
| Environment: Prior to survey quarter | 2.07* | 2.03* | 1.80 | −0.08 | 1.56 | −0.66 |
| Mistreatment: Survey quarter | 0.90 | 1.77 | −0.19 | −0.43 | −0.27 | −0.29 |
| Mistreatment: Prior to survey quarter | 2.08* | −0.32 | 0.25 | 0.87 | −0.70 | 0.42 |
| G level + deficiency: Survey quarter | 4.69** | 4.51** | 0.53 | −1.92 | −1.61 | −1.29 |
| G level + deficiency: Prior to survey quarter | 2.06* | 3.55** | 1.06 | −1.78 | −2.19* | −1.48 |
Each cell represents the z-value from a Poisson model that includes facility fixed effects and time fixed effects for each quarter in each year, where the z-value is based on the robust standard errors. The columns represent the dependent variable and the key explanatory variables (two for each model) are in the rows. Other explanatory variables include all facility characteristics found in Table 2. n = 1,497 for the entire sample, which includes facilities with at least two inspections.
*
Significance at the .05 level.
**
Significance at the .01 level.