Table 3.
Three Separate Random Effects Logistic Regression Models by Race/Ethnicity Using 2006–2009 Data
| African American | Latino | Non-Latino White | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Independent Variables | Odds Ratio (99% CI) | ||
| Individual factors | |||
| Age | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) |
| Male | 0.95 (0.68–1.34) | 1.17 (0.91–1.48) | 1.32 (0.96–1.80) |
| Level of education | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) |
| Employment | |||
| Not in the labor force (reference) | – | – | – |
| Full-time | 1.01 (0.52–1.98) | 1.01 (0.66–1.49) | 1.66 (0.95–2.92) |
| Part-time | 0.87 (0.42–1.83) | 0.86 (0.54–1.37) | 1.34 (0.72–2.50) |
| Unemployed (seeking) | 1.01 (0.62–1.66) | 0.81 (0.56–1.16) | 0.88 (0.51–1.50) |
| Unemployed (not seeking) | 0.71 (0.43–1.18) | 0.88 (0.63–1.23) | 0.93 (0.56–1.54) |
| Homeless | 0.72 (0.42–1.23) | 0.47 (0.27–0.83) | 0.59 (0.31–1.12) |
| Diagnosed with a mental disorder | 0.63 (0.40–1.01) | 0.78 (0.50–1.21) | 0.84 (0.57–1.25) |
| Age at first drug use | 1.01 (0.98–1.02) | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) |
| Days of primary drug use before admission | 0.96 (0.94–0.98) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | 0.97 (0.96–0.99) |
| Primary drug problem (main effects) | |||
| Alcohol (reference) | – | – | – |
| Heroin | 0.24 (0.03–1.77) | 0.82 (0.41–1.64) | 0.22 (0.08–0.63) |
| Methamphetamine | 1.35 (0.61–3.01) | 0.39 (0.28–0.54) | 0.44 (0.28–0.69) |
| Cocaine | 0.68 (0.41–1.11) | 0.64 (0.42–0.97) | 0.53 (0.29–0.97) |
| Marijuana | 0.97 (0.62–1.51) | 0.74 (0.56–0.98) | 1.02 (0.67–1.57) |
| Other | 1.05 (0.46–2.42) | 1.17 (0.71–1.91) | 1.15 (0.57–2.35) |
| Primary drug problem (interaction effects)* | |||
| Alcohol (reference) | – | – | – |
| Heroin | 0.19 (0.04–0.84) | 0.64 (0.37–1.09) | 0.21 (0.10–0.45) |
| Methamphetamine | 0.65 (0.37–1.15) | 0.35 (0.26–0.46) | 0.41 (0.31–0.56) |
| Cocaine | 0.46 (0.34–0.63) | 0.52 (0.37–0.73) | 0.48 (0.30–0.74) |
| Marijuana | 0.49 (0.36–0.66) | 0.68 (0.52–0.89) | 1.08 (0.80–1.46) |
| Other | 0.52 (0.29–0.94) | 1.01 (0.68–1.5) | 1.27 (0.76–2.15) |
| Service system factors | |||
| Number of days on waiting list | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) | 0.97 (0.93–1.02) |
| Principal referral source | |||
| Self (reference) | – | – | – |
| Community | 1.24 (0.68–2.28) | 1.24 (0.85–1.82) | 1.27 (0.78–2.06) |
| Proposition 36 | 1.77 (0.98–3.17) | 1.85 (1.22–2.82) | 0.96 (0.57–1.62) |
| Drug court | 1.44 (0.68–3.07) | 1.76 (1.11–2.80) | 2.40 (1.28–4.52) |
| Social services | 0.93 (0.50–1.76) | 0.96 (0.63–1.46) | 0.87 (0.52–1.47) |
Note. Values in bold are significant at p < .01 based on a 99% CI that does not bound 1.0.
*
Interaction terms use White and alcohol use as reference for each racial/ethnic group and drug problem.