Table 1.
Support Staffing Levels: Summary Statistics and Regression Results
| Dependent Variable: Support Staffing (HPRD) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Summary Statistics | Housekeeping | Food Service | Activities Staff | Combined |
| Dependent variables | |||||
| Housekeeping (HPRD) | 0.541 (0.337) | ||||
| Food service (HPRD) | 0.729 (0.469) | ||||
| Activities staffing (HPRD) | 0.183 (0.194) | ||||
| Combined—All three (HPRD) | 1.435 (0.745) | ||||
| State nurse staffing requirements | |||||
| State minimum direct care staffing requirement (HPRD) | 1.735 (1.201) | −0.036* (0.019) | −0.025 (0.020) | −0.012 (0.013) | −0.055* (0.032) |
| State minimum direct care staffing requirement squared (HPRD) | 0.009** (0.004) | 0.008* (0.004) | 0.003 (0.003) | 0.016** (0.007) | |
| Arkansas licensed staff change | 0.005 (0.072) | −0.017 (0.017) | −0.024 (0.018) | −0.018** (0.008) | −0.036 (0.033) |
| Delaware licensed staff change | 0.001 (0.034) | −0.007 (0.061) | 0.049 (0.079) | −0.024 (0.032) | 0.014 (0.151) |
| Delaware second licensed staff change | 0.001 (0.028) | −0.018 (0.055) | 0.075 (0.068) | 0.015 (0.020) | 0.099 (0.139) |
| Florida licensed staff change | 0.014 (0.117) | −0.008 (0.014) | −0.019 (0.018) | −0.001 (0.008) | −0.033 (0.027) |
| Ohio licensed staff change | 0.021 (0.143) | −0.016* (0.009) | −0.029*** (0.010) | 0.001 (0.005) | −0.039** (0.017) |
| Facility characteristics | |||||
| Not-for-profit ownership | 0.281 (0.449) | 0.002 (0.008) | 0.023** (0.011) | 0.008* (0.004) | 0.027 (0.016) |
| Government ownership | 0.063 (0.242) | 0.028 (0.021) | 0.062** (0.027) | −0.004 (0.011) | 0.091** (0.036) |
| Number of beds (10 s) | 10.926 (7.308) | −0.012*** (0.004) | −0.017*** (0.006) | −0.008*** (0.003) | −0.032*** (0.011) |
| Multi-facility chain | 0.542 (0.498) | −0.009** (0.005) | −0.010* (0.005) | −0.008*** (0.003) | −0.020** (0.008) |
| % Medicaid reimbursed residents | 62.127 (25.442) | −0.001*** (0.000) | −0.001*** (0.000) | −0.001*** (0.000) | −0.001 (0.000) |
| % Medicare reimbursed residents | 13.379 (20.121) | 0.000 (0.000) | 0.000 (0.000) | 0.000* (0.000) | 0.001 (0.001) |
| Occupancy rate | 82.329 (18.044) | −0.009*** (0.000) | −0.011*** (0.000) | −0.005*** (0.000) | −0.021*** (0.001) |
| Alzheimer's special care unit | 0.178 (0.383) | 0.011* (0.006) | 0.015** (0.007) | 0.016*** (0.004) | 0.036*** (0.012) |
| Other type of special care unit | 0.060 (0.237) | −0.001 (0.007) | −0.014* (0.008) | −0.002 (0.003) | −0.018 (0.013) |
| State policy and year indicator variables | |||||
| State medicaid reimbursement rate (10 s) | 12.467 (2.598) | 0.004*** (0.001) | 0.005*** (0.002) | 0.002*** (0.001) | 0.009*** (0.003) |
| State weekly nursing home work wage rate (100 s) | 5.237 (0.857) | 0.018** (0.009) | −0.009 (0.011) | 0.017*** (0.005) | 0.022 (0.017) |
| Year 2000 | 0.169 (0.374) | −0.007** (0.003) | −0.006* (0.003) | −0.003* (0.002) | −0.009 (0.005) |
| Year 2001 | 0.171 (0.377) | −0.008** (0.003) | −0.002 (0.004) | −0.003 (0.002) | −0.002 (0.006) |
| Year 2002 | 0.173 (0.378) | −0.012*** (0.004) | −0.003 (0.005) | −0.009*** (0.002) | −0.004 (0.008) |
| Year 2003 | 0.158 (0.365) | −0.021*** (0.005) | −0.015*** (0.006) | −0.015*** (0.003) | −0.026*** (0.009) |
| Year 2004 | 0.162 (0.368) | −0.028*** (0.005) | −0.017*** (0.006) | −0.019*** (0.003) | −0.038*** (0.011) |
| Constant | 1.310*** (0.079) | 1.872*** (0.101) | 0.627*** (0.051) | 3.337*** (0.180) | |
| Observations | 90,734 | 89,420 | 93,796 | 87,308 | |
| R-squared | 0.654 | 0.742 | 0.636 | 0.760 | |
Note. Summary statistics report the mean and standard deviation for the entire sample. Regression results report standard errors in parentheses that are robust to clustering within nursing facility.
***p < .01; **p < .05; *p < .1.