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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 29.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Neurol. 2012 Dec;72(6):902–911. doi: 10.1002/ana.23689

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) autoantibodies in herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) patients. (A) Immunopositive staining of transfected HEK cells overexpressing the NR1 subunit of NMDARs when probed with patient serum and anti-immunoglobulin (Ig)M secondary antibodies. (B) No staining is observed in control-transfected cells. (C) No staining is observed of transfected cells probed with IgM-positive serum, but an anti-IgG secondary antibody. (D–F) Higher magnification of NR1-transfected cells demonstrating colabeling of patient IgM and a murine anti-NR1 antibody (Biomol International, Plymouth Meeting, PA; dilution, 1:1,000). (G–I) The brain magnetic resonance imaging of patients with HSE (G) can be indistinguishable from imaging in NMDAR encephalitis (H) with predominant affection of the temporal lobes (arrows). However, large hemorrhagic changes in the temporal lobes are typical for HSE (I). [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at annalsofneurology.org.]