Table 3.
AFB1–lys levels (pg/mg albumin) by geographic characteristics, Kenya 2007.
| Characteristic | na | % >LOD | Range | Median (95% CI) | 75th Pct | 90th Pct | GMb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 597 | 78 | <LOD–211 | 1.78 (1.46–2.12) | 5.53 | 15.1 | 2.01 |
| Provincec | |||||||
| Eastern | 75 | 100 | 0.75–186 | 7.87 (5.94–11.7) | 16.8 | 34.1 | 8.24 |
| Coast | 73 | 99 | <LOD–211 | 3.70 (2.44–5.81) | 11.9 | 22.1 | 4.90 |
| Nairobi | 75 | 92 | <LOD–179 | 2.44 (1.63–3.10) | 5.40 | 11.8 | 2.60 |
| Central | 76 | 92 | <LOD–49.2 | 2.33 (1.60–3.26) | 4.55 | 16.1 | 2.39 |
| North–Eastern | 73 | 70 | <LOD–35.5 | 1.40 (0.85–2.25) | 4.00 | 7.23 | 1.38 |
| Western | 74 | 80 | <LOD–36.2 | 1.28 (0.91–1.60) | 3.04 | 10.7 | 1.47 |
| Rift Valley | 75 | 59 | <LOD–76.7 | 0.70 (0.42–1.03) | 1.86 | 5.53 | NA |
| Nyanza | 74 | 34 | <LOD–35.1 | <LOD | 0.89 | 2.31 | NA |
| Districtc,d | |||||||
| Meru North | 20 | 100 | 1.19–186 | 11.9 (6.58–19.5) | 21.8 | 142 | 13.3 |
| Makueni | 17 | 100 | 1.40–23.4 | 7.21 (4.29–13.3) | 13.3 | 20.0 | 6.99 |
| Thika | 17 | 100 | 0.51–49.2 | 6.38 (3.26–11.8) | 11.8 | 28.4 | 6.29 |
| Busia | 19 | 100 | 0.57–36.2 | 4.32 (1.33–10.6) | 10.6 | 23.7 | 4.03 |
| Garissa | 30 | 97 | <LOD–35.5 | 3.96 (2.31–5.12) | 6.14 | 13.8 | 3.67 |
| Mombasa | 23 | 100 | 0.89–14.0 | 2.91 (1.95–5.22) | 6.04 | 8.40 | 3.08 |
| Nairobi | 75 | 92 | <LOD–179 | 2.44 (1.63–3.10) | 5.40 | 11.8 | 2.60 |
| Mandera | 35 | 49 | <LOD–10.5 | 0.34 (0.31–1.25) | 1.46 | 4.32 | NA |
| Central Kisii | 46 | 39 | <LOD–35.1 | 0.33 (0.31–0.68) | 0.91 | 2.83 | NA |
| Urban/ruralc | |||||||
| Urban | 134 | 93 | <LOD–207 | 2.23 (1.78–3.00) | 5.40 | 9.51 | 2.58 |
| Rural | 461 | 74 | <LOD–211 | 1.49 (1.30–2.00) | 5.71 | 16.2 | 1.87 |
| Town sizec,e | |||||||
| Mid–sized city | 7 | 100 | 0.51–10.4 | 3.26 (NA) | 8.68 | 10.4 | NA |
| Large city | 98 | 94 | <LOD–179 | 2.47 (1.95–3.10) | 5.40 | 9.51 | 2.70 |
| Small town | 39 | 72 | <LOD–207 | 1.59 (1.22–2.61 | 4.32 | 15.7 | 1.71 |
| Rural | 451 | 75 | <LOD–211 | 1.56 (1.33–2.00) | 5.81 | 16.2 | 1.90 |
Notes: Categories in bold represent p < 0.05 for the Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test for bivariate comparison between that category and all others.
AFB1-lys, aflatoxin B1-lysine; CI, confidence interval; GM, geometric mean; NA, not applicable/available; Pct, percentile.
Totals do not always sum to 597 because of missing data.
GM not calculated for strata with fewer than 60% persons detected.
p < 0.05 for between-group differences using the Kruskal-Wallis test.
Only includes districts with ≥15 participants. Eastern province: Meru North and Makueni; Central province: Thika; Western province: Busia; North-Eastern province: Garissa and Mandera; Coast province: Mombasa; Nairobi province: Nairobi; Nyanza province: Central Kisii.
Large city: Nairobi, Mombassa and Kisumu; mid-sized city: Nakuru, Eldoret, Thika and Nyeri.