Fig. 6.

Effects of the δ-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole and the κ-opioid receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) on neuromodulation of bladder contraction. A and B: time-course response of frequency (A) and amplitude (B) of the bladder reflex contraction to intravenous administration of nor-BNI or naltrindole. Overall, naltrindole and nor-BNI had no effect on the frequency or amplitude of the bladder contractions. C and D: effects of spinal nerve stimulation (Stim) on bladder contraction frequency (C) and amplitude (D) in rats pretreated with either naltrindole or nor-BNI. *P < 0.05, Student's t-test. Number of animals is indicated in each bar. Responses are represented as a percentage of pretreatment values (%control), where the baseline response before stimulation is defined as 100%.