Table 1.

Korean plants with cytotoxic activity.

Plants (and family)	Traditional uses	Part used	Previously reported activity of the plant	Reported chemical constituents
Alnus  japonica  Steudel (Betulaceae)	In oriental traditional medicine as remedies for fever, hemorrhage, diarrhea, and alcoholism [43]	Stems-stem bark	Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities [44], antiviral activity against the influenza virus [45]	1,7-Bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxyheptane-5-O-β-D-xylopyranoside; 1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-heptane-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranoside; 1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-heptane-3-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside; 1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-heptane-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside; 1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxylheptane; 1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-heptane-3-one-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside; oregonin; hirsutanonol; hirsutenone; platyphylloside [44]; tannins (alnusjaponins A and B); 5-O-galloyl-(−)-shikimic acid, 2,3-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-D-glucose, 4,6-di-O-galloyl-D-glucose, 1,4-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 4,6-(S)-valoneoyl-D-glucose; strictinin; gemin D; pedunculagin; praecoxin A; flosin A; stachyurin; casuarinin [46], lupeol; betulin; betulinic aldehyde; 3-acetoxybetulinic aldehyde, β-sitosterol [45]
Camellia japonica L.  (Theaceae)	Cosmetic protectant to keep the skin and hair healthy and as a soothing agent [47]	Fruits	Antibacterial activity [48], inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease [49], Epstein-Barr virus inhibitor [50], antimetastasis activity [51], antioxidant activity [52, 53], inhibitor of human type I procollagen production [54], and antiallergic responses [55], anti-inflammatory [47]	3β,18β-dihydroxy-28-norolean-12-en-16-one; 18β-hydroxy-28-norolean-12-ene-3,16-dione; camelliagenin A, B, and C [56], camellenodiol 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranoside; camellenodiol 3-O-4′′-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranoside; camellenodiol 3-O-(β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→3)]-6′-methoxy-β-D-glucuronopyranoside; maragenin II 3-O-(β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→3)]-6′-methoxy-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, camellioside A; camellioside B [57]
Isodon japonicus  (Burman f.) H. Hara (Labiatae)	Antibacterial, anti-inflammation, and anthelmintic [58]	Whole plant	Cytotoxicity on K562 human leukemia cells and immunomodulatory activity [16], antibacterial activity for plant constituents [59]	Isadonol; epinodosin; sodoponin; epinodosinol [60, 61]; epinodosin; oridonin; taihangjaponicain A; lushanrubescensin J; bisjaponins A and B [58]; isodonal, trichodonin; nodosin; enmein; oridonin; enmein-3-acetate [59]
Lycoris  radiata  (L'Her.) Herbert  (Amaryllidaceae)	Laryngeal trouble, furuncle, carbuncle, suppurative wounds [62]	Leaves, underground parts	Cytotoxicity against B16F10 melanoma cells [17]	Different types of alkaloids (crinine-type; galanthamine-type; lycorine-type homolycorine-type; tazettine-type; narciclasine-type; and lycorine-type alkaloids); trisphaeridine; galanthine; bicolorine; 11-hydroxyvittatine; 8-O-demethymaritidine;O-demethylgalanthamine; O-demethyllycoramine [63]
Meliosma  oldhamii  Miq. ex. Maxim. (Sabiaceae)	Liver ailments [64]	Stems-stem bark	Low Cholinesterase inhibition (12–19% at 5 mg/mL) [65], moderate alpha glucosidase activity [64]	—
Myrica  rubra  Sieb. and Zucc. (Myricaceae)	Diarrhea; gastroenteritis in China [66]	Stems-stem bark	Antioxidant activity [67]; anti-influenza virus activity [68]	Taraxerone; taraxerol; myricadiol; sitosterol; 28-hydroxy-D-friedoolean-14-en-3-one (); myricanol 5-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranoside; myricanol 5-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside; isomyricanone [69]; cyanidin-3-O-glucoside; myricetin; quercetin-3-O-rutinoside [67]
Rubus  corchorifolius  L. f. (Rosaceae)	Stomachache, diarrhea, and dysentery [18]	Whole plant	Antioxidant activity of essential oil [70]	Ent-kauran-3β, 16β, 17, 19-tetrol; ent-2-carbonyl-16β-hydroxy-kauran-17β-D-glucoside [18]; rubusin A; quercetin; kaempferol [25]
Sageretia  theezans  (L.) Brongn  (Rhamnaceae)	Tea materials [71]	Leaves, Stems	Antioxidant activity [72]	7-O-methylmearnsitrin; myricetrin, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, europetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside, and 7-O-methyl quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside; 7-O-methylmearnsetin 3-O-rhamnoside [71, 72]
Sedum  middendorffianum Maxim. (Crassulaceae)	—	Whole plant	—	kaempferol; quercetin; myricetin; arbutin [24]
Sedum  takesimense  Nakai (Crassulaceae)	—	Whole plant	Antioxidant activities [26]	Ferulic acid; caffeic acid; gallic acid; methyl gallate; myricetin; quercetin; luteolin; rhodalin; rhodalidin; luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside; arbutin; 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethanone; gossypetin-8-O-β-D-xylopyranoside; 2,6-di-O-galloylarbutin [26]
Sorbaria  sorbifolia  (L.) A. Br. var.  stellipila  MAX.  (Rosaceae)	—	Stems	Antioxidant activities, cytotoxicity [73, 74]	Sutherlandin-5-trans-p-coumarate; cardiosdiospermin-5-(4-hydroxy) benzoate [75]; noreugenin; wogonin; 5,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone; protocatechuic acid; benzoic acid; emodin; daucosterol [76]; 5,2′,4′-trihydroxy-6,7,5′-trimethoxyflavone; succinic acid; p-hydroxybenzoic acid [77]
Vitis flexuosa  Thunb. (Vitaceae)	—	Aerial parts	—	Flexuosol A; gnetin A; (+)-epsilon-viniferin; vitisin A; hopeaphenol [78]

(—): not reported; the complete list of the tested plants is available in supplementary material.